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Information Systems Research
 
     
  Volume Number 13   Issue Number 3   First Page 334   Last Page 359   Cover Date September 01, 2002

 
 
 
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  Developing and Validating Trust Measures for e-Commerce: An Integrative Typology
D. Harrison McKnight, Vivek Choudhury, Charles Kacmar
 
 

Evidence suggests that consumers often hesitate to transact with Web-based vendors because of uncertainty about vendor behavior or the perceived risk of having personal information stolen by hackers. Trust plays a central role in helping consumers overcome perceptions of risk and insecurity. Trust makes consumers comfortable sharing personal information, making purchases, and acting on Web vendor advice�behaviors essential to widespread adoption of e-commerce. Therefore, trust is critical to both researchers and practitioners. Prior research on e-commerce trust has used diverse, incomplete, and inconsistent definitions of trust, making it difficult to compare results across studies. This paper contributes by proposing and validating measures for a multidisciplinary, multidimensional model of trust in e-commerce. The model includes four high-level constructs�disposition to trust, institution-based trust, trusting beliefs, and trusting intentions�which are further delineated into 16 measurable, literature-grounded subconstructs. The psychometric properties of the measures are demonstrated through use of a hypothetical, legal advice Web site. The results show that trust is indeed a multidimensional concept. Proposed relationships among the trust constructs are tested (for internal nomological validity), as are relationships between the trust constructs and three other e-commerce constructs (for external nomological validity)�Web experience, personal innovativeness, and Web site quality. Suggestions for future research as well as implications for practice are discussed.

 
   
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