State-of-the-Art-Survey—Stochastic Programming: Computation and Applications

Although decisions frequently have uncertain consequences, optimal-decision models often replace those uncertainties with averages or best estimates. Limited computational capability may have motivated this practice in the past. Recent computational advances have, however, greatly expanded the range of optimal-decision models with explicit consideration of uncertainties. This article describes the basic methodology for these stochastic programming models, recent developments in computation, and several practical applications.