Many-Server Heavy-Traffic Limits for Queueing Systems with Perfectly Correlated Service and Patience Times

We characterize heavy-traffic process and steady-state limits for systems staffed according to the square-root safety rule, when the service requirements of the customers are perfectly correlated with their individual patience for waiting in queue. Under the usual many-server diffusion scaling, we show that the system is asymptotically equivalent to a system with no abandonment. In particular, the limit is the Halfin-Whitt diffusion for the $M/M/n$ queue when the traffic intensity approaches its critical value 1 from below, and is otherwise a transient diffusion, despite the fact that the prelimit is positive recurrent. To obtain a refined measure of the congestion due to the correlation, we characterize a lower-order fluid (LOF) limit for the case in which the diffusion limit is transient, demonstrating that the queue in this case scales like $n^{3/4}$. Under both the diffusion and LOF scalings, we show that the stationary distributions converge weakly to the time-limiting behavior of the corresponding process limit.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72188101] and the Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grants 1763100 and 2006350].