Managerial Productivity: Who Is Fat and What Is Lean?

Efforts to increase productivity need to focus more on managerial work in contrast to worker work. Not only have organizations been careless about multiplying levels and staff, but they have not sought means of measuring managerial work loads. Instead they have added managers and technical specialists when operations got out of control. This both ignored the source of the problem and the tendency for increased numbers of specialists to make work to justify their existence.