What's the Problem? An Introduction to Problem Structuring Methods

OR's traditional problem-solving techniques offer remarkably little assistance in deciding what the problem is. New problem structuring methods (PSMs) provide decision makers with systematic help in identifying an agreed framework for their problem. The result is either a well-defined project that can be addressed using traditional OR methods, or a clarification of the situation that enables those responsible to agree on a course of action. In principle, PSMs can provide analysts with greater access to strategic problems—those engaging multiple relatively independent decision makers. PSMs' transparent methods of representation can capture differing perceptions of the situation, to help generate a consensus or to facilitate negotiations.