Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.6.2.45

My essay is founded on the experience of the governing and private bureaucracies; therein lies its strength. Its thesis and temper run counter to the accredited lore of schools and personnel directors; therein lies its courage. This article gives hope to the ignorant, comforts the passed over, warns the manager and taxpayer.

Wisdom and conspicious ability, unsupported by power and entrenchment, are as precarious in a mature staid bureaucracy as is untenured dementia at the bottom of its pyramid. Centripetal bureaucratic forces favor mediocrity.

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