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- Received:December 16, 2023
- Accepted:September 12, 2025
- Published Online:March 20, 2026
Copyright © 2026 The Author(s)
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The authors thank the department editor, the associate editor, and five anonymous reviewers for their constructive guidance during the review process. The authors are also indebted to Luchi He, Ekin Ilseven, Hyunjin Kim, Catherine Magelssen, Victoria Sevcenko, Metin Sengul, Freek Vermeulen, Maciej Workiewicz, and Nety Wu as well as seminar participants at INSEAD; London Business School; University of California, Irvine; Michigan Ross; Stanford Graduate School of Business; the 2023 Strategic Management Society Annual Conference; the 2023 People and Organizations Conference; the 2023 National University of Singapore First Cut Seminar; the 2023 Organizational Design Community Research in Progress Webinar; the 2023 India Strategy Conference; the 2024 Columbia Management Analytics and Data Conference; and the 2024 Strategy Science Conference for their valuable comments and suggestions. The authors also thank Marie Girschewski and Shengwu Sun for their research assistance. Part of this work was carried out while P. Gulati was affiliated with INSEAD and A. Marchetti was affiliated with London Business School, whose support and resources are gratefully acknowledged. Equal contributions were made by P. Gulati and A. Marchetti, who share first authorship; their names are listed in alphabetical order.
