How Do Restrictions on High-Skilled Immigration Affect Offshoring? Evidence from the H-1B Program

The author is grateful to Alfonso Gambardella and the editorial team at Management Science. The author thanks Lee Branstetter, Brian Kovak, J. Bradford Jensen, Giovanni Peri, Ina Ganguli, Elena Kulchina, Erica Fuchs, Katherine Klein, Exequiel Hernandez, Vit Henisz, Claudine Gartenberg, Seth Carnahan, Julia Lane, and Miguel Garza Casado as well as seminar participants at the National Bureau of Economic Research Summer Institute, Brigham Young University Winter Conference, American Economics Association Annual Meeting, National Bureau of Economic Research Productivity Seminar, University of California Los Angeles, IESE Business School, University of Southern California, Bocconi, Wharton, Duke, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Federal Reserve Board, Georgetown University, George Washington University, Notre Dame, Georgia Tech, and Harvard Business School for their helpful comments. The author thanks Bill Zeile, Jim Fetzer, and Ray Mataloni for discussions on the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) data. All errors and omissions remain the author’s own responsibility. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis or the U.S. Department of Commerce. BEA has reviewed this paper for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release. The statistical analysis of firm-level data were conducted at the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, under arrangements that maintain legal confidentiality requirements. (BEA approval numbers: FY22-E0006-R0001, FY22-E0006-R0002, BEA-FY21-E0006-R0002, BEA-FY21-E0006-R0001, BEA-FY22-E0006-0003, BEA-FY22-E0006-R0004, and additional unnumbered approvals).