Free Access

OR Practice—A Survey of Practical Applications of Examination Timetabling Algorithms

Michael W. Carter
Michael W. Carter
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this author

Michael W. Carter

University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Search for more papers by this author

Published Online:1 Apr 1986https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.34.2.193

Cited by
- Data-driven university examination timetabling with consideration of student stress
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 192
- Final Exam Scheduling at Bucknell University: A Case Study and Open-Source Tool
  Clara Chaplin,
  Stanley Gai,
  Samuel C. Gutekunst,
  Tsugunobu Miyake,
  Thiago Serra,
  Luke Snyder,
  Vy Tran,
  Lucas Waddell
  8 May 2026 | INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics, Vol. 0, No. 0
- Multi-neighbourhood simulated annealing for the ITC-2007 capacitated examination timetabling problem
  19 December 2023 | Journal of Scheduling, Vol. 28, No. 2
- Fifty years of operational research: 1972–2022
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 319, No. 2
- A Survey of Solution Methodologies for Exam Timetabling Problems
  IEEE Access, Vol. 12
- Modeling and solving the problem of scheduling university exams in terms of new constraints on the conflicts of professors' exams and the concurrence of exams with common questions
  4 April 2023 | OPSEARCH, Vol. 60, No. 2
- Enhancing university exam timetabling through the use of a BSet model
  13 February 2023 | International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), Vol. 12, No. 1
- Obtaining quality business school examination timetable under heterogeneous elective selections through surrogacy
  7 July 2022 | OPSEARCH, Vol. 59, No. 3
- Therapy scheduling and therapy planning at hospitals
  Omega, Vol. 109
- A Genetic Algorithm for the Real-world University Course Timetabling Problem
- Privacy-preserving data splitting: a combinatorial approach
  22 May 2021 | Designs, Codes and Cryptography, Vol. 89, No. 7
- A general ontological timetabling-model driven metaheuristics approach based on elite solutions
  Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 170
- A Fast Threshold Acceptance Algorithm for the Examination Timetabling Problem
  10 April 2021
- Customizable algorithm for university timetabling and scheduling
- A fast simulated annealing algorithm for the examination timetabling problem
  Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 122
- A cellular memetic algorithm for the examination timetabling problem
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 94
- A memetic algorithm based on MOEA/D for the examination timetabling problem
  17 November 2017 | Soft Computing, Vol. 22, No. 5
- Genetic Algorithm Analysis using the Graph Coloring Method for Solving the University Timetable Problem
  Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 126
- Solving examination timetabling problems at the University of Malaysia Perlis through adaption of FET software
- A New Mathematical Model for Multisession Exams-Building Assignment
  Acta Physica Polonica A, Vol. 132, No. 3-II
- A new hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm for real-world university examination timetabling problem
- Fairness in examination timetabling: Student preferences and extended formulations
  Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 55
- Feature-based tuning of single-stage simulated annealing for examination timetabling
  23 November 2015 | Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 252, No. 2
- Iterated VND Versus Hyper-heuristics: Effective and General Approaches to Course Timetabling
  10 December 2016
- An Adaptive Flex-Deluge Approach to University Exam Timetabling
  Edmund K. Burke,
  Yuri Bykov
  24 October 2016 | INFORMS Journal on Computing, Vol. 28, No. 4
- Compromise ratio with weighting functions in a Tabu Search multi-criteria approach to examination timetabling
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 72
- A column generation approach for solving the examination-timetabling problem
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 253, No. 1
- Iterated local search using an add and delete hyper-heuristic for university course timetabling
  Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 40
- A Fuzzy Logic and Binary-Goal Programming-Based Approach for Solving the Exam Timetabling Problem to Create a Balanced-Exam Schedule
  29 May 2015 | International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 18, No. 1
- A Hybrid Shuffled Frog-Leaping Algorithm for the University Examination Timetabling Problem
  20 November 2015
- A survey of Particle Swarm Optimization techniques for solving university Examination Timetabling Problem
  12 July 2015 | Artificial Intelligence Review, Vol. 44, No. 4
- Operational Research in education
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 243, No. 3
- Scheduling in the service industries: An overview
  6 February 2015 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 1
- Parallel Meta-heuristic Approaches to the Course Timetabling Problem
  13 June 2015
- Graph Coloring and Recombination
- Evolutionary Computation and Constraint Satisfaction
- A new hybrid algorithm for university course timetabling problem using events based on groupings of students
  Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol. 78
- Effective learning hyper-heuristics for the course timetabling problem
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 238, No. 1
- A constructive approach to examination timetabling based on adaptive decomposition and ordering
  13 October 2011 | Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 218, No. 1
- An adaptive artificial bee colony and late-acceptance hill-climbing algorithm for examination timetabling
  3 December 2013 | Journal of Scheduling, Vol. 17, No. 3
- Robust graph coloring based on the matrix semi-tensor product with application to examination timetabling
  29 June 2016 | Control Theory and Technology, Vol. 12, No. 2
- Generic Memetic Algorithm for Course Timetabling ITC2007
  27 March 2014
- The classroom assignment problem: Complexity, size reduction and heuristics
  Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 14
- Adaptive linear combination of heuristic orderings in constructing examination timetables
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 232, No. 2
- A Double Evolutionary Pool Memetic Algorithm for Examination Timetabling Problems
  25 September 2014 | Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Vol. 2014, No. 1
- Applications to Timetabling
  26 November 2013
- Solution approaches to the course timetabling problem
  29 May 2011 | Artificial Intelligence Review, Vol. 39, No. 2
- Timetabling
  23 January 2016
- Educational Timetabling
- A wide-ranging computational comparison of high-performance graph colouring algorithms
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 39, No. 9
- On the use of multi neighbourhood structures within a Tabu-based memetic approach to university timetabling problems
  Information Sciences, Vol. 191
- University course timetabling problem at Zarqa University
  3 April 2012
- Managing the tabu list length using a fuzzy inference system: an application to examination timetabling
  5 April 2011 | Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 194, No. 1
- A hybrid metaheuristic approach to the university course timetabling problem
  24 December 2010 | Journal of Heuristics, Vol. 18, No. 1
- A Reinforcement Learning
- Optimization of university course scheduling problem with a hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm
- Oppositional biogeography-based optimization for combinatorial problems
- Exploration of Rough Sets Analysis in Real-World Examination Timetabling Problem Instances
- Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony Search Algorithm Based on Disruptive Selection for Examination Timetabling Problems
- A Practical Rough Sets Analysis in Real-World Examination Timetabling Problem Instances
- A Hybrid Fish Swarm Optimisation Algorithm for Solving Examination Timetabling Problems
- Time table scheduling using Genetic Algorithms employing guided mutation
- A multiobjective framework for heavily constrained examination timetabling problems
  3 December 2008 | Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 180, No. 1
- Hybrid variable neighbourhood approaches to university exam timetabling
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 206, No. 1
- Term-end exam scheduling at United States Military Academy/West Point
  17 December 2009 | Journal of Scheduling, Vol. 13, No. 4
- Research on automated timetabling algorithm for make-up examination and final clear examination
- A multi-objective post enrolment course timetabling problems: A new case study
- Research on Automatic Examination Arrangement Algorithms for Invigilator
- A Reinforcement Learning - Great-Deluge Hyper-Heuristic for Examination Timetabling
  International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing, Vol. 1, No. 1
- Construction of examination timetables based on ordering heuristics
- Examination timetabling using late acceptance hyper-heuristics
- Research on Coloring Theory and Greedy Method Based Automated Examination Arrangement Algorithm
- A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for examination timetabling
  20 September 2008 | Journal of Scheduling, Vol. 12, No. 2
- An investigation of fuzzy multiple heuristic orderings in the construction of university examination timetables
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 36, No. 4
- A survey of search methodologies and automated system development for examination timetabling
  29 October 2008 | Journal of Scheduling, Vol. 12, No. 1
- Electromagnetism-like Mechanism with Force Decay Rate Great Deluge for the Course Timetabling Problem
- University Time Table Scheduling Using Genetic Artificial Immune Network
- Reactive Tabu Search in a Team-Learning Problem
  Yuelin Shen,
  1 November 2008 | INFORMS Journal on Computing, Vol. 20, No. 4
- Generating University Course Timetable Using Genetic Algorithms and Local Search
- Preemptive scheduling and antichain polyhedra
  Discrete Applied Mathematics, Vol. 156, No. 17
- A variant of examination timetabling problem
- Polyhedral Reformulation of a Scheduling Problem And Related Theoretical Results
  20 August 2008 | RAIRO - Operations Research, Vol. 42, No. 3
- A survey of metaheuristic-based techniques for University Timetabling problems
  11 July 2007 | OR Spectrum, Vol. 30, No. 1
- A tabu-based large neighbourhood search methodology for the capacitated examination timetabling problem
  21 December 2017 | Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 58, No. 11
- CCTP, Graph Coloring Algorithms - Soft Computing Solutions
- Finding Feasible Timetables Using Group-Based Operators
  IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 11, No. 3
- Investigating Ahuja–Orlin’s large neighbourhood search approach for examination timetabling
  25 March 2006 | OR Spectrum, Vol. 29, No. 2
- Metaheuristics for University Course Timetabling
- Solving a Practical Examination Timetabling Problem: A Case Study
- An Extensible Modelling Framework for Timetabling Problems
- Intelligent Methodologies for Scientific Conference Management
- A Computational Study of a Cutting Plane Algorithm for University Course Timetabling
  Journal of Scheduling, Vol. 8, No. 6
- A practical approach to scheduling examinations
  1 September 2005 | Ingeniería e Investigación, Vol. 25, No. 3
- A two-phase heuristic evolutionary algorithm for personalizing course timetables: a case study in a Spanish university
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 32, No. 7
- Hybrid heuristics for Examination Timetabling problem
  Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 163, No. 2
- Ant colony optimization for the examination scheduling problem
  21 December 2017 | Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 56, No. 4
- Case-Based Initialisation of Metaheuristics for Examination Timetabling
- A Novel Similarity Measure for Heuristic Selection in Examination Timetabling
- A Tabu Search Hyper-heuristic Approach to the Examination Timetabling Problem at the MARA University of Technology
- Fuzzy Multiple Heuristic Orderings for Examination Timetabling
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Practical Implications of Preference‐Based Conference Scheduling
  1 September 2004 | Production and Operations Management, Vol. 13, No. 3
- Solving Examination Timetabling Problems through Adaption of Heuristic Orderings
  Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 129, No. 1-4
- A time-predefined local search approach to exam timetabling problems
  IIE Transactions, Vol. 36, No. 6
- Comparison of metaheuristic algorithms for Examination Timetabling Problem
  Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing, Vol. 16, No. 1-2
- Using tabu search with longer-term memory and relaxation to create examination timetables
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 153, No. 1
- An automated university course timetabling system developed in a distributed environment: A case study
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 153, No. 1
- Lecture timetabling using hybrid genetic algorithms
- Scheduling sports competitions on multiple venues
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 148, No. 2
- Enhancing Timetable Solutions with Local Search Methods
- GRASPing the Examination Scheduling Problem
- Genetic Algorithms and Timetabling
- Recent research directions in automated timetabling
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 140, No. 2
- An Experimental Investigation of Iterated Local Search for Coloring Graphs
  14 March 2002
- Implementation of a university course and examination timetabling system
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 130, No. 1
- Timetabling
  25 October 2005
- A Language for Specifying Complete Timetabling Problems
  5 September 2001
- A Multicriteria Approach to Examination Timetabling
  5 September 2001
- New Algorithms for Examination Timetabling
  24 August 2001
- 10.1162/153244304773936081
  CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs, Vol. 1
- A conceptual model of knowledge-based time-tabling system
  Knowledge-Based Systems, Vol. 12, No. 3
- A Survey of Automated Timetabling
  Artificial Intelligence Review, Vol. 13, No. 2
- A multistage evolutionary algorithm for the timetable problem
  IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 3, No. 1
- Improving a Heuristic Repair Method for Large-Scale School Timetabling Problems
- Modeling and solving a real-life assignment problem at universities
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 110, No. 2
- Metaheuristics for High School Timetabling
  Computational Optimization and Applications, Vol. 9, No. 3
- Applications of Set Covering, Set Packing and Set Partitioning Models: A Survey
- An examination scheduling model to maximize students’ study time
  24 May 2006
- A constraint-based approach for examination timetabling using local repair techniques
  24 May 2006
- Generating complete university timetables by combining tabu search with constraint logic
  24 May 2006
- A standard data format for timetabling instances
  24 May 2006
- EMS: An examination scheduling and management system
  Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 12, No. 3
- Résolution de programmes linéaires entiers ou mixtes à l'aide de la forme normale de Hermite
  29 March 2011 | RAIRO - Operations Research, Vol. 31, No. 4
- Comparison of neural and heuristic methods for a timetabling problem
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 93, No. 2
- Variants of simulated annealing for the examination timetabling problem
  Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 63, No. 1
- Constraint logic programming for examination timetabling
  The Journal of Logic Programming, Vol. 26, No. 2
- A constraint-based high school scheduling system
  IEEE Expert, Vol. 11, No. 1
- Recent developments in practical examination timetabling
  8 June 2005
- Computer-aided school and university timetabling: The new wave
  8 June 2005
- Investigations of a constraint logic programming approach to university timetabling
  8 June 2005
- Building University timetables using constraint logic programming
  8 June 2005
- Three methods used to solve an examination timetable problem
  8 June 2005
- Planning of high school examinations in Denmark
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 87, No. 3
- The Automation of the Timetabling Process in Higher Education
  1 June 1995 | Journal of Educational Technology Systems, Vol. 23, No. 4
- A deductive and object-oriented approach to a complex scheduling problem
  Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, Vol. 4, No. 2
- Scheduling peacetime rotation of Pakistan army units
  Naval Research Logistics, Vol. 42, No. 1
- A CLP approach for examination planning
  3 June 2005
- Algorithmic characterizations of interval ordered hypergraphs and applications
  Discrete Applied Mathematics, Vol. 51, No. 1-2
- RAPS: a rule-based language for specifying resource allocation and time-tabling problems
  IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 5
- Evolutionary solutions to a highly constrained combinatorial problem
- Heuristic approach to task scheduling: ‘weight’ and ‘improve’ algorithms
  International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 29, No. 2
- A deductive and object-oriented approach to a complex scheduling problem
  27 May 2005
- Operations Research and Higher Education Administration
  Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 31, No. 1
- Scheduling examinations to reduce second-order conflicts
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 19, No. 5
- Exchanges procedures for timetabling problems
  Discrete Applied Mathematics, Vol. 35, No. 3
- Computerised decision aid for timetabling — a case analysis
  Discrete Applied Mathematics, Vol. 35, No. 3
- Stunden- und Raumbelegungsplanung an Hochschulen
- Weighted graphs and university course timetabling
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 19, No. 1
- Tabu search for large scale timetabling problems
  European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 54, No. 1
- Examination scheduling: A computerized application
  Omega, Vol. 19, No. 1
- A large scale timetabling problem
  Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 16, No. 1

Volume 34, Issue 2

March-April 1986

Pages 190-330

Article Information

Metrics

Information

Published Online:April 01, 1986

Cite as

Michael W. Carter, (1986) OR Practice—A Survey of Practical Applications of Examination Timetabling Algorithms. Operations Research 34(2):193-202.

https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.34.2.193

Keywords

PDF download

Available Issues

Available Issues

Available Issues

Available Issues

Available Issues

Available Issues

Available Issues

Available Issues

Available Issues

OR Practice—A Survey of Practical Applications of Examination Timetabling Algorithms

Volume 34, Issue 2

Article Information

Metrics

Information

Cite as

Keywords

Sign Up for INFORMS Publications Updates and News