Formal and Informal Control as Complement or Substitute? The Role of the Task Environment

The authors thank Herman Aguinis, Daniel Albert, Frank Haupenthal, Chris Long, Günter Müller-Stewens, Jens Schädler, and participants attending research seminars at EBS Business School, IESE, University of Mannheim, University of Amsterdam, and Kuehne Logistics University for their insightful comments on previous versions of this study, as well as senior editor Myles Shaver and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable guidance and suggestions throughout the review process. Earlier, abbreviated versions of this study were included in the BPS Best Paper Proceedings of the 2014 Academy of Management Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, PA, and a finalist for the 2014 Strategic Management Society Best Conference Paper of the Strategy Process Interest Group in Madrid, Spain. The first and last author gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Swiss National Fund (SNF) [Grant no. 100014_130094].