Analytics for Better Urban Cycling at the City of Toronto
References
- (2016) Economic benefits of increased cycling. Transportation Res. Procedia 14:2306–2313.Google Scholar
- (2024) Exploring the geographical equity-efficiency tradeoff in cycling infrastructure planning. J. Transport Geography 121:104010.Google Scholar
- (2020) Towards a maintenance-based approach to mode shift: Comparing two cases of Dutch cycling policy using social practice theory. J. Transport Geography 86:102772.Google Scholar
- (2022) COVID-19 as a window of opportunity for cycling: Evidence from the first wave. Transport Policy 116:144–156.Google Scholar
- (2021) COVID-19 impacts on cycling, 2019–2020. Transport Rev. 41(4):393–400.Google Scholar
- (2022) Continuous approximation formulas for location problems. Networks 80(4):407–430.Google Scholar
- Casaletto L (2025) Bloor Street bike lane battle heats up as Etobicoke business owners sue city, local councillor. CityNews Toronto (February 26), https://perma.cc/2SLX-Y646.Google Scholar
- (2025) Machine learning-augmented optimization of large bilevel and two-stage stochastic programs: Application to cycling network design Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 27(6):1851–1868. Google Scholar
- City of Toronto (2020) City of Toronto open data. Toronto (September 15), https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/data-research-maps/open-data/.Google Scholar
- City of Toronto (2021a) 2021 cycling network plan update. Toronto (November 18), https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2021/ie/bgrd/backgroundfile-173663.pdf.Google Scholar
- City of Toronto (2021b) ActiveTO: Lessons learned from 2020 and next steps for 2021. Toronto (March 9), https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2021/ie/bgrd/backgroundfile-164864.pdf.Google Scholar
- City of Toronto (2024a) Cycling impact analysis. Attachment 5 to Agenda Item 2024.IE14.3. (May 13), https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2024/ie/bgrd/backgroundfile-245676.pdf.Google Scholar
- City of Toronto (2024b) Cycling network plan update (2025-2027). (May 13), https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2024/ie/bgrd/backgroundfile-245671.pdf.Google Scholar
- City of Toronto (2025) TransformTO Net Zero Strategy. https://perma.cc/4KSM-8GGT.Google Scholar
- Civic Tech Toronto (2024) Hacknight #476 – From bacteria to bikes – Quantitative cycling research in Toronto. https://perma.cc/7SZD-2QZ3.Google Scholar
- (2022) When does contrastive visual representation learning work? Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. Comput. Vision Pattern Recognition (New Orleans, LA), 14755–14764.Google Scholar
- (2019) BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. Burstein J, Doran C, Solorio T, eds. Proc. 2019 Conf. North Amer. Chapter Assoc. Comput. Linguistics Human Language Tech. (Minneapolis, Minnesota), 4171–4186.Google Scholar
- (2016) Revisiting the four types of cyclists: Findings from a national survey. Transportation Res. Rec. 2587(1):90–99.Google Scholar
- Draaisma M, Gaztambide M (2025) Bikeway construction on the esplanade draws community controversy. CBC News (May 30), https://perma.cc/A3M2-Y9DX.Google Scholar
- (2016) Network connectivity for low-stress bicycling. Transportation Res. Rec. 2587(1):41–49.Google Scholar
- (2004) Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: Review and research directions. J. Transport Geography 12(2):127–140.Google Scholar
- (2023) The social sustainability of cycling: Assessing equity in the accessibility of bike-sharing services. J. Transport Geography 106:103490.Google Scholar
- Government of Canada (2020) Government of Canada open data. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-data.Google Scholar
- Iassinovskaia K (2021) How pandemic bike lanes made some Canadian cities more accessible. CBC News (March 19), https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/pandemic-bike-lanes-canada-1.5951863.Google Scholar
- (2019) Cycle accessibility and level of traffic stress: A case study of Toronto. J. Transport Geography 80:102496.Google Scholar
- Irving T (2024) Machine learning analysis sheds light on who benefits from protected bike lanes. TechXplore (October 15), https://techxplore.com/news/2024-10-machine-analysis-benefits-bike-lanes.html.Google Scholar
- (2020) Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions reduction from bike share systems: A model considering real-world trips and transportation mode choice patterns. Resources Conservation Recycling 153:104534.Google Scholar
- (2021) Provisional COVID-19 infrastructure induces large, rapid increases in cycling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 118(15):e2024399118.Google Scholar
- (2020) Portfolio problems with two levels decision-makers: Optimal portfolio selection with pricing decisions on transaction costs. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 284(2):712–727.Google Scholar
- Legislative Assembly of Ontario (2024) Standing Committee ON Heritage, Infrastructure and Cultural Policy Meeting Transcript, November 18, 2024. https://perma.cc/6AQ9-K9A6.Google Scholar
- (2021) The impact of COVID-19 cycling infrastructure on low-stress cycling accessibility: A case study in the City of Toronto. Findings 19069.Google Scholar
- (2024) AutoLTS: Automating cycling stress assessment via contrastive learning and spatial post-processing. Proc. AAAI Conf. Artificial Intelligence 38(20):22222–22230.Google Scholar
- (2022) Urban bike lane planning with bike trajectories: Models, algorithms, and a real-world case study. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 24(5):2500–2515.Link, Google Scholar
- (2018) Understanding bike share cyclist route choice using GPS data: Comparing dominant routes and shortest paths. J. Transport Geography 71:172–181.Google Scholar
- (2017) Overcoming barriers to cycling: Understanding frequency of cycling in a university setting and the factors preventing commuters from cycling on a regular basis. Transportation 44:871–884.Google Scholar
- (2013) Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. Burges CJ, Bottou L, Welling M, Ghahramani Z, Weinberger K, eds. Adv. Neural Inform. Processing Systems, vol. 26 (Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY).Google Scholar
- (2018) Health impact assessment of cycling network expansions in European cities. Preventive Medicine 109:62–70.Google Scholar
- New York City Department of Transportation (2021) NYC streets plan. Technical report. https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/nyc-streets-plan.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2014) DeepWalk: Online learning of social representations. Proc. 20th ACM SIGKDD Internat. Conf. Knowledge Discovery Data Mining (ACM, New York), 701–710.Google Scholar
- (2018) Improving language understanding by generative pre-training. https://openai.com/research/language-unsupervised.Google Scholar
- Russell S (2021) New study points out the benefits—Relaxed cycling access to jobs and more—Of Toronto’s new bike—Lanes, Toronto Star. (February 24), https://perma.cc/C9FT-AW6B.Google Scholar
- (2009) Lectures on Stochastic Programming: Modeling and Theory (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia).Google Scholar
- Singapore Ministry of Transport (2024) Active mobility infrastructure. https://www.mot.gov.sg/what-we-do/active-mobility/active-mobility-infrastructure.Google Scholar
- Southwood K (2025) Are bike lanes bad for business? Why Alberta’s municipalities need construction mitigation. Calgary Herald (August 8), https://perma.cc/WN9L-7Y78.Google Scholar
- Toronto City Council (2023) Budget committee - January 24, 2023. YouTube video, relevant segment at 1:21:00. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z6vh9cUra8.Google Scholar
- University of Toronto News (2021) Toronto’s COVID-19 bike lane expansion boosted access to jobs, retail: U of T study. (February 19), https://www.utoronto.ca/news/toronto-s-covid-19-bike-lane-expansion-boosted-access-jobs-retail-u-t-study.Google Scholar
- Ville de Paris (2024) Un nouveau plan vélo pour une ville 100% cyclable. (March 28), https://www.paris.fr/pages/un-nouveau-plan-velo-pour-une-ville-100-cyclable-19554.Google Scholar
- (2023) Cycling during and after COVID: Has there been a boom in activity? Transportation Res. Part F Traffic Psych. Behav. 99:71–82.Google Scholar
- Zipper D (2025) Why the best bike lanes always get blamed. Bloomberg (April 16), https://perma.cc/JYG3-KMQH.Google Scholar
- (2013) A bilevel model for electricity retailers’ participation in a demand response market environment. Energy Econom. 36:182–197.Google Scholar

