Electronic Brainstorming: The Illusion of Productivity
Published Online:1 Jun 1999https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.10.2.110
References
- Rational behavior in groups: The free riding tendency. Acad. Management Rev. (1985) 10 244 255 Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Social Psychology of Creativity (1983) (Springer-Verlag, New York) Crossref, Google Scholar
- The effect of group, task, context and technology variables on the usefulness of group support systems: A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Small Group Res. (1993) 24 4 430 462 Crossref, Google Scholar
- A theory of group development. Human Relations (1956) 9 415 437 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Experiences in Groups (1961) 2nd ed. (Basic Books, New York) Crossref, Google Scholar
- Effects of different patterns on outcomes of problem-solving discussions. J. Appl. Psych. (1964) 54 175 179 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Size, performance, and potential in brainstorming groups. J. Appl. Psych. (1970) 54 51 55 Crossref, Google Scholar
- The role of social anxiousness in group brainstorming. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1995) 68 1071 1080 Crossref, Google Scholar
- A study of brainstorming. Manas (1976) 23 23 28 Google Scholar
- A longitudinal study of the impact of group decision support systems on group development. J. MIS (1991) 7 3 7 25 Google Scholar
- Influence: Science and Practice (1993) 3rd ed. (Harper Collins, New York) Google Scholar
- Effects of anonymity and evaluative tone on idea generation in computer mediated groups. Management Sci. (1990) 36 689 703 Link, Google Scholar
- On the effectiveness of group brainstorming: Test of one underlying cognitive mechanism. Small Group Res. (1993) 24 4 490 503 Crossref, Google Scholar
- A manual for coding brainstorming. (1993) (School of Business, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada) Google Scholar
- The effects of cues on idea generation. (1990) (School of Business, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada) . Unpublished manuscript Google Scholar
- Ad hoc versus established groups in an electronic meeting system environment. CD-ROM Proc. Twenty-Third Annual Hawaii Internat. Conf. System Sci. (1990) III 23 29 Crossref, Google Scholar
- A meta-analysis of effectiveness, efficiency, and participant satisfaction in group support systems research. Proc. Seventeenth Annual Internat. Conf. Inform. Systems (1996) Google Scholar
- Group, sub-group, and nominal group brainstorming: New rules for new media? J. Management (1994) 723 736 Google Scholar
- Computer brainstorms: More heads are better than one. J. Appl. Psych. (1993) 78 531 537 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Process structuring in electronic brainstorming. Inform. Systems Res. (1996) 7 2 268 277 Link, Google Scholar
- A foundation for the study of group decision support systems. Management Sci. (1987) 33 5 589 609 Link, Google Scholar
- Productivity loss in idea-generating groups: Tracking down the blocking effects. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1991) 61 392 403 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: Toward the solution of a riddle. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1987) 53 497 509 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Dixon W. J. , Brown M. B. , Engelman L. , Jennrich R. I. BMDP Statistical Software Manual (1990) 2 (University of California Press, Berkeley, CA) Google Scholar
- Is group productivity loss the rule or the exception? Effects of culture and group-based motivation. Acad. Management J. (1996) 39 6 1513 1537 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social Cognition (1991) (McGraw-Hill, New York) Crossref, Google Scholar
- The effects of environmental scanning on creativity. Gifted Child Quart. (1978) 22 248 251 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Unblocking brainstorms. J. Appl. Psych. (1991) 76 137 142 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Why is electronic brainstorming more productive than traditional brainstorming? An experimental study. Proc. Admin. Sci. Asso. Canada (Information Systems Division) (1990) (Whistler, British Columbia, Canada) 82 93 Google Scholar
- Electronic brainstorming, anonymity and deviance. (1996) (School of Business, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada) Google Scholar
- Electronic brainstorming and group size. Acad. Management J. (1992) 35 350 369 Crossref, Google Scholar
- A study of collaborative group work with and without computer-based support. Inform. Systems Res. (1990) 1 4 394 415 Link, Google Scholar
- Group decision support systems and their implications for designers and managers: The Arizona experience. Trans. Eighth Internat. Conf. Decision Support Systems (1988) (Boston, MA) 203 225 Google Scholar
- , Mullen B. , Goethals G. R. Social comparison theory: Selfevaluation and group life. Theories of Group Behavior (1987) (Springer-Verlag, New York) 21 48 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Creativity as a function of orientation and group participation. Psych. Rep. (1968) 22 471 478 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Interventions into group process: An approach to improving the effectiveness of groups. Decision Sci. (1974) 5 459 480 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Groups, Teams, and Social Interaction: Theories and Applications (1992) (Praeger, New York) Google Scholar
- Effects of task difficulty and task uniqueness on social loafing. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1982) 43 1214 1229 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Accessibility of inter-relational constructs: Implications for stimulus encoding and creativity. J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. (1980) 16 348 361 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Group versus individual performance: Are N+ 1 heads better than one? Psych. Bull. (1982) 91 517 539 Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Berkowitz L. Group problem solving. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (1965) (Academic Press, New York) Google Scholar
- A survival guide to the office meeting. The Wall Street Journal (1988) 35 . (June 21) Google Scholar
- Moral Mazes: The World of Corporate Managers (1988) (Oxford Press, New York) Google Scholar
- Implications for problem solving groups of empirical research on brainstorming: A critical review of the literature. Southern States Speech Comm. J. (1978) 43 327 356 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Groupthink (1972) (Houghton Mifflin, Boston) Google Scholar
- Toward a theory of automated group work: The deindividuating effects of anonymity. Small Group Res. (1990) 21 3 333 348 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1993) 65 681 706 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Dispensability of member effort and group motivation losses: Free-rider effects. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1983) 44 78 94 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Exploring group maturity in the classroom: Differences in behavioral, affective, and performance outcomes between mature and immature groups. Small Group Behavior (1988) 19 2 259 272 Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Life Cycle of Groups (1980) (Human Sciences Press, New York) Google Scholar
- Can children remember to be creative? An interview study of children's thinking processes. Child Development (1980) 51 572 575 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Group versus individual performance on tasks requiring ideational proficiency (brainstorming): A review. Eur. J. Soc. Psych. (1973) 3 4 361 387 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1979) 37 822 832 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Groups: Interaction and Performance (1984) (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) Google Scholar
- The implications of group development and history for group support system theory and practice. Small Group Res. (1992) 23 4 524 572 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: A meta-analytic integration. Basic Appl. Soc. Psych. 12 3 23 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Applied Linear Statistical Models (1990) 3rd ed. (Irwin, Homewood, IL) Google Scholar
- SPSS-X Advanced Statistics Guide (1988) 2nd ed. (SPSS Inc., Chicago) Google Scholar
- Electronic meeting systems to support group work. Comm. ACM (1991) 34 7 40 61 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Applied Imagination (1957) 2nd ed. (Scribner, New York) Google Scholar
- , Purser R. E. , Montuori A. Group creativity. Social Creativity in Organizations (1997) (Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ) Google Scholar
- Social influence processes in group brainstorming. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1993) 64 4 575 586 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Perceptions of performance in group brainstorming: The illusion of productivity. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. (1993) 19 1 78 89 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Performance and perception of brainstormers in an organizational setting. Basic Appl. Soc. Psych. (1995) 17 249 265 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social influence processes in computer brainstorming. Basic Appl. Soc. Psych. (1996) 18 3 14 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Anonymity in group support systems research: New conceptualization, measure, and contingency framework. J. Management Inform. Systems (1998) 14 3 89 108 Crossref, Google Scholar
- The effects of electronic meetings on group processes and outcomes: An assessment of the empirical research. Eur. J. Oper. Res. (1990) 46 143 161 Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Hirokawa R. , Poole M. S. Developmental processes in group decision makingeds. Communication and Group Decision Making (1996) 2nd ed. (Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA) Crossref, Google Scholar
- Fluency, flexibility, and originality as a function of group size. J. Creative Behavior (1974) 8 107 113 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Egocentric biases in availability and attribution. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1979) 37 322 336 Crossref, Google Scholar
- New developments in pairwise multiple comparisons: Some powerful and practicable procedures. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. (1991) 17 560 577 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behavior (1981) 3rd ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York) Google Scholar
- Microcosm: Structural, Psychological and Religious Evolution in Groups (1966) (Wiley, New York) Google Scholar
- Artistic creation as stimulated by superimposed versus separated visual images. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1980) 39 953 961 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Group Process and Productivity (1972) (Academic Press, San Diego, CA) Google Scholar
- Getting a clue: The effects of communication media and information distribution on participation and performance in computer-mediated and face-to-face groups. Small Group Res. (1996) 27 1 115 142 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Why groups are less effective than their members: On productivity loss in idea generating groups. Eur. Rev. Soc. Psych. (1994) 5 271 304 Crossref, Google Scholar
- The illusion of group effectivity. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. (1992) 18 5 643 650 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Brainstorming groups in context: Effectiveness in a product design firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1996) 41 685 718 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Developmental sequence in small groups. Psych. Bull. (1965) 63 384 399 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Idea generation in computer-based groups: A new ending to an old story. Organ. Behavior and Human Decision Process (1994) 57 448 467 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Linear and Nonlinear Models for the Analysis of Repeated Measurements (1997) (Marcel Dekker, New York) Google Scholar
- Creativity and environmental cues in nursery school children. Developmental Psych. (1969) 1 543 547 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Validation studies of the group development questionnaire. Small Group Res. (1996) 27 1 143 170 Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Paulus P. B. The appropriation of ideas. Psychology of Group Influence (1989) (Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ) 493 523 Google Scholar
- Identifiability as a deterrent to social loafing: Two cheering experiments. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1981) 40 303 311 Crossref, Google Scholar
- Interactivity and communication model choice in ongoing management groups. Inform. Systems Res. (1993) 4 3 207 239 Link, Google Scholar
- Social facilitation. Science (1965) 149 269 274 Crossref, Google Scholar

