Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on the Global Mobile App Market: Digital Trade Implications of Data Protection and Privacy Regulations

References

• Acquisti A, Taylor C, Wagman L (2016) The economics of privacy. J. Econom. Literature 54(2):442–492.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Adjerid I, Acquisti A, Telang R, Padman R, Adler-Milstein J (2016) The impact of privacy regulation and technology incentives: The case of health information exchanges. Management Sci. 62(4):1042–1063.Link, Google Scholar
• Ahmed U (2019) The Importance of cross-border regulatory cooperation in an era of digital trade. World Trade Rev. 18(S1):S99–S120.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Al-Natour S, Cavusoglu H, Benbasat I, Aleem U (2020) An empirical investigation of the antecedents and consequences of privacy uncertainty in the context of mobile apps. Inform. Systems Res. 31(4):1037–1063.Link, Google Scholar
• Anderson JE (2011) The gravity model. Annual Rev. Econom. 3(1):133–160.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Aridor G, Che YK, Salz T (2022) The effect of privacy regulation on the data industry: Empirical evidence from GDPR. RAND J. Econom. 54(4):695–730.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Arkhangelsky D, Athey S, Hirshberg DA, Imbens GW, Wager S (2021) Synthetic difference-in-differences. Amer. Econom. Rev. 111(12):4088–4118.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Awad NF, Krishnan MS (2006) The personalization privacy paradox: An empirical evaluation of information transparency and the willingness to be profiled online for personalization. MIS Quart. 30(1):13–28.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Azmeh S, Foster C, Echavarri J (2020) The international trade regime and the quest for free digital trade. Internat. Stud. Rev. 22(3):671–692.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baier SL, Bergstrand JH (2007) Do free trade agreements actually increase members’ international trade? J. Internat. Econom. 71(1):72–95.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Barbier J, Dixit A, Moriarty R, Namboodri C, O’Connell K, Riegel M (2015) Where to begin your journey to digital value in the private sector. Report, Cisco Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA.Google Scholar
• Bertschek I, Kesler R (2022) Let the user speak: Is feedback on Facebook a source of firms’ innovation? Inform. Econom. Policy 60:100991.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bian B, Ma X, Tang H (2021) The supply and demand for data privacy: Evidence from mobile apps. Preprint, submitted April 4, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3987541.Google Scholar
• Blacker A (2022) App store rank explained: What is an app’s Apple & Google store ranking and what impacts it? Aapptopia (February 1), https://blog.apptopia.com/app-store-rank-explained-what-is-an-apps-apple-google-store-ranking-and-what-impacts-it.Google Scholar
• Blum B, Goldfarb A (2006) Does the internet defy the law of gravity? J. Internat. Econom. 70(2):384–405.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Campanile L, Iacono M, Mastroianni M (2022) Toward privacy-aware software design in small and medium enterprises. 2022 IEEE Internat. Conf. Dependable Autonomic Secure Comput. Internat. Conf. Pervasive Intelligence Comput. Internat. Conf. Cloud Big Data Comput. Internat. Conf. Cyber Sci. Tech. Congress (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ), 1–8.Google Scholar
• Castelluccia C, Guerses S, Hansen M, Hoepman JH, van Hoboken J, Vieira B (2017) Privacy and data protection in mobile applications: A study on the app development ecosystem and the technical implementation of GDPR. Report, ENISA, Athens, Greece.Google Scholar
• Castro D, Atkinson RD (2014) Beyond internet universalism: A framework for addressing cross-border internet policy. Report, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
• Cavusoglu H, Phan TQ, Cavusoglu H, Airoldi EM (2016) Assessing the impact of granular privacy controls on content sharing and disclosure on Facebook. Inform. Systems Res. 27(4):848–879.Link, Google Scholar
• Chen C, Frey CB, Presidente G (2024) Privacy regulation and firm performance: Estimating the GDPR effect globally. Econ Inq. 1–16.Google Scholar
• Ciuriak D, Ptashkina M (2020) Toward a robust architecture for the regulation of data and digital Trade. CIGI Paper Series No. 240, CIGI, Waterloo, ON.Google Scholar
• Cory N (2020) Surveying the damage: Why we must accurately measure cross-border data flows and digital trade barriers. Report, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
• Cory N, Dascoli L (2021) How barriers to cross-border data flows are spreading globally, what they cost, and how to address them. Report, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
• Cowgill B, Dorobantu CL, Martens B (2013) Does online trade live up to the promise of a borderless world? Evidence from the EU digital single market. Preprint, submitted January 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2374292.Google Scholar
• Daigle L (2015) On the nature of the internet. Global Commission on Internet Governance Report, CIGI Paper Series No. 7, CIGI, Waterloo, ON.Google Scholar
• Dinev T, Hart P (2006) An extended privacy calculus model for e-commerce transactions. Inform. Systems Res. 17(1):61–68.Link, Google Scholar
• Ferracane MF, Lee-Makiyama H, Van Der Marel E (2018) Digital trade restrictiveness index. Report, European Center for International Political Economy, Brussels.Google Scholar
• Garg R, Telang R (2013) Inferring app demand from publicly available data. MIS Quart. 37(4):1253–1264.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gerber N, Gerber P, Volkamer M (2018) Explaining the privacy paradox: A systematic review of literature investigating privacy attitude and behavior. Comput. Security 77:226–261.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goddard M (2017) The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): European regulation that has a global impact. Internat. J. Res. Marketing 59(6):703–705.Google Scholar
• Godinho de Matos M, Adjerid I (2022) Consumer consent and firm targeting after GDPR: The case of a large telecom provider. Management Sci. 68(5):3330–3378.Link, Google Scholar
• Goldberg S, Johnson G, Shriver S (2023) Regulating privacy online: An economic evaluation of the GDPR. Amer. Econom. J. 16(1):325–358.Google Scholar
• Goldfarb A, Trefler D (2019) How artificial intelligence impacts international trade. The World Trade Report 2018: The future of world trade: How digital technologies are transforming global commerce. Report, World Trade Report, Geneva.Google Scholar
• Goldfarb A, Tucker CE (2011) Privacy regulation and online advertising. Management Sci. 57(1):57–71.Link, Google Scholar
• Gomez-Herrera E, Martens B, Turlea G (2014) The drivers and impediments for cross-border e-commerce in the EU. Inform. Econom. Policy 28:83–96.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hoel M, Iversen T (2002) Genetic testing when there is a mix of compulsory and voluntary health insurance. J. Health Econom. 21(2):253–270.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hu X, Sastry N (2019) Characterizing third party cookie usage in the EU after GDPR. 2019 ACM. Proc. 10th ACM Conf. Web Sci. (ACM, New York), 137–141.Google Scholar
• Hui KL, Teo HH, Lee SYT (2007) The value of privacy assurance: An exploratory field experiment. MIS Quart. 31(1):19–33.Crossref, Google Scholar
• International Monetary Fund (2023) Handbook on measuring digital trade. Accessed December 8, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1787/ac99e6d3-en.Google Scholar
• Janssen R, Kesler R, Kummer ME, Waldfogel J (2022) GDPR and the lost generation of innovative apps. NBER Working Paper No. 30028, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
• Jia J, Jin GZ, Wagman L (2021) The short-run effects of the general data protection regulation on technology venture investment. Marketing Sci. 40(4):661–684.Link, Google Scholar
• Johnson GA (2023) Economic research on privacy regulation: Lessons from the GDPR and beyond. Goldfarb A, Tucker CE, eds. The Economics of Privacy, chapter 4 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
• Johnson GA, Shriver SK, Du S (2020) Consumer privacy choice in online advertising: Who opts out and at what cost to industry? Marketing Sci. 39(1):33–51.Link, Google Scholar
• Johnson GA, Shriver SK, Goldberg SG (2023) Privacy and market concentration: Intended and unintended consequences of the GDPR. Management Sci. 69(10):5695–5721.Link, Google Scholar
• Ke TT, Sudhir K (2022) Privacy rights and data security: GDPR and personal data markets. Management Sci. 69(8):4389–4412.Link, Google Scholar
• Kesler R (2023) The impact of Apple’s App tracking transparency on app monetization. Preprint, submitted August 8, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4090786.Google Scholar
• Kesler R, Kummer M, Schulte P (2020) Competition and privacy in online markets: Evidence from the mobile app industry. Acad. Management Proc. 2020(1):20978.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Wagman L (2015) Screening incentives and privacy protection in financial markets: A theoretical and empirical analysis. RAND J. Econom. 46(1):1–22.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kummer M, Schulte P (2019) When private information settles the bill: Money and privacy in Google’s market for smartphone applications. Management Sci. 65(8):3470–3494.Link, Google Scholar
• Lee G, Raghu TS (2014) Determinants of mobile apps’ success: Evidence from the app store market. J. Management Inform. Systems 31(2):133–170.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lee DJ, Ahn JH, Bang Y (2011) Managing consumer privacy concerns in personalization: A strategic analysis of privacy protection. MIS Quart. 35(2):423–444.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lefrere V, Warberg L, Cheyre C, Marotta V, Acquisti A (2022) The impact of the GDPR on content provider: A longitudinal analysis. Working paper, Institut Mines-Telecom Business School, LITEM, Evry-Courcouronnes, Paris.Google Scholar
• Liang C, Shi Z, Raghu TS (2019) The spillover of spotlight: Platform recommendation in the mobile app market. Inform. Systems Res. 30(4):1296–1318.Link, Google Scholar
• Mayya R, Viswanathan S (2024) Delaying informed consent: An empirical investigation of mobile apps’ upgrade decisions. Preprint, submitted April 29, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3457018.Google Scholar
• Meltzer JP (2019) Governing digital trade. World Trade Rev. 18(1):23–48.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Miller AR, Tucker C (2009) Privacy protection and technology diffusion: The case of electronic medical records. Management Sci. 55(7):1077–1093.Link, Google Scholar
• Mueller M (2017) Will the Internet Fragment? Sovereignty, Globalization and Cyberspace (John Wiley & Sons, New York).Google Scholar
• Nicola FG, Pollicino O (2020) The balkanization of data privacy regulation. West Virginia Law Rev. 123:61.Google Scholar
• OECD (2022) Artificial intelligence and international trade. Accessed December 8, 2023, https://www.oecd.org/publications/artificial-intelligence-and-international-trade-13212d3e-en.htm.Google Scholar
• Pepper R, Garrity J, LaSalle C (2016) Cross-border data flows, digital innovation, and economic growth. Global Information Technology Report 2016, World Economic Forum, Geneva.Google Scholar
• Peukert C, Bechtold S, Batikas M, Kretschmer T (2022) Regulatory spillovers and data governance: Evidence from the GDPR. Marketing Sci. 41(4):746–768.Link, Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center (2015) Apps permission in the Google Play Store. Report, Pew Research Center, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
• Posner RA (1981) The economics of privacy. Amer. Econom. Rev. 71(2):405–409.Google Scholar
• Potluri SR, Sridhar V, Rao S (2020) Effects of data localization on digital trade: An agent-based modeling approach. Telecomm. Policy 44(9):102022.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schmitt J, Miller K, Skiera B (2022) The impact of privacy laws on online user behavior. HEC Paris Research Paper No. MKG-2021-1437, HEC, Paris.Google Scholar
• Silva JS, Tenreyro S (2006) The log of gravity. Rev. Econom. Statist. 88(4):641–658.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Stigler GJ (1980) An introduction to privacy in economics and politics. J. Legal Stud. 9(4):623–644.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Stutzman FD, Gross R, Acquisti A (2013) Silent listeners: The evolution of privacy and disclosure on Facebook. J. Privacy Confidentiality 4(2).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tambe P, Hitt LM, Brynjolfsson E (2012) The extroverted firm: How external information practices affect innovation and productivity. Management Sci. 58(5):843–859.Link, Google Scholar
• Tang Z, Hu YU, Smith MD (2008) Gaining trust through online privacy protection: Self-regulation, mandatory standards, or caveat emptor. J. Management Inform. Systems 24(4):153–173.Crossref, Google Scholar
• The World Economic Forum (2020) Data free flow with trust (DFFT): Paths toward free and trusted data flows. Report, The World Economic Forum, Geneva.Google Scholar
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2023) Measuring the value of e-commerce. Accessed December 8, https://unctad.org/publication/measuring-value-e-commerce.Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (2023) U.S. trade in ICT and potentially ICT-enabled service. Accessed December 8, https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/?reqid=62&step=9&isuri=1&product=4#eyJhcHBpZCI6NjIsInN0ZXBzIjpbMSw5LDZdLCJkYXRhIjpbWyJwcm9kdWN0IiwiNCJdLFsiVGFibGVMaXN0IiwiMzU5Il1dfQ==.Google Scholar
• U.S. International Trade Commission (2017) Global digital trade 1: Market opportunities and key foreign trade restrictions. Report, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
• World Bank (2016) World Development Report 2016: Digital dividends. Report, World Bank, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
• Wottrich VM, van Reijmersdal EA, Smit EG (2018) The privacy trade-off for mobile app downloads: The roles of app value, intrusiveness, and privacy concerns. Decision Support Systems 106:44–52.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Xu H, Teo HH, Tan BC, Agarwal R (2012) Research note—Effects of individual self-protection, industry self-regulation, and government regulation on privacy concerns: A study of location-based services. Inform. Systems Res. 23(4):1342–1363.Link, Google Scholar
• Yakovleva S, Irion K (2020) Pitching trade against privacy: Reconciling EU governance of personal data flows with external trade. Internat. Data Privacy Law 10(3):201–221.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Yildirim P, Chintagunta PK (2023) Privacy regulations and online search friction: Evidence from GDPR. Marketing Science Institute Working Paper Series Report No. 23-141, Marketing Science Institute, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar