Mergers Between On-Demand Service Platforms: The Impact on Consumer Surplus and Labor Welfare

References

• Abhishek V, Guajardo JA, Zhang Z (2021) Business models in the sharing economy: Manufacturing durable goods in the presence of peer-to-peer rental markets. Inform. Systems Res. 32(4):1450–1469.Link, Google Scholar
• Abkowitz A, Carew R (2016) Uber sells China operations to Didi Chuxing. Wall Street J. (August 1), https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-s-didi-chuxing-to-acquire-rival-uber-s-chinese-operations-1470024403.Google Scholar
• Armstrong M (2006) Competition in two-sided markets. RAND J. Econom. 37(3):668–691.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Armstrong M, Wright J (2007) Two-sided markets, competitive bottlenecks and exclusive contracts. Econom. Theory 32(2):353–380.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bai J, Tang CS (2022) Can two competing on-demand service platforms be profitable? Internat. J. Production Econom. 250:108672.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bai J, So KC, Tang CS, Chen XM, Wang H (2019) Coordinating supply and demand on an on-demand service platform with impatient customers. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 21(3):556–570.Link, Google Scholar
• Benjaafar S, Xiao S, Yang X (2020) Do workers and customers benefit from competition between on-demand service platforms? Working paper, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
• Benjaafar S, Ding JY, Kong G, Taylor T (2021) Labor welfare in on-demand service platforms. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 24(1):110–124.Link, Google Scholar
• Bernstein F, DeCroix GA, Keskin NB (2021) Competition between two-sided platforms under demand and supply congestion effects. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 23(5):1043–1061.Link, Google Scholar
• Bimpikis K, Candogan O, Saban D (2019) Spatial pricing in ride-sharing networks. Oper. Res. 67(3):744–769.Link, Google Scholar
• Cachon GP, Daniels KM, Lobel R (2017) The role of surge pricing on a service platform with self-scheduling capacity. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 19(3):368–384.Link, Google Scholar
• Caillaud B, Jullien B (2003) Chicken & egg: Competition among intermediation service providers. RAND J. Econom. 34(2):309–328.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Campbell H (2023) DoorDash vs Uber Eats: Which app is better for drivers? Accessed September 30, 2023, https://therideshareguy.com/doordash-vs-uber-eats.Google Scholar
• Catalão-Lopes M, Brito D (2021) Post-merger internal organization in multitier decentralized supply chains. J. Econom. 132(3):251–289.Google Scholar
• Chandra A, Collard-Wexler A (2009) Mergers in two-sided markets: An application to the Canadian newspaper industry. J. Econom. Management Strategy 18(4):1045–1070.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Hu M (2020) Pricing and matching with forward-looking buyers and sellers. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 22(4):717–734.Link, Google Scholar
• Cho SH (2013) Horizontal mergers in multitier decentralized supply chains. Management Sci. 60(2):356–379.Link, Google Scholar
• Cho SH, Wang X (2017) Newsvendor mergers. Management Sci. 63(2):298–316.Link, Google Scholar
• Cohen MC, Zhang R (2022) Competition and coopetition for two-sided platforms. Production Oper. Management 31(5):1997–2014.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Correia-da Silva J, Jullien B, Lefouili Y, Pinho J (2019) Horizontal mergers between multisided platforms: Insights from Cournot competition. J. Econom. Management Strategy 28(1):109–124.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dealroom (2018) Takeaway.com acquires Delivery Hero Germany: A closer look. Accessed September 30, 2023, https://dealroom.co/blog/after-delivery-hero-takeaway-com-deal-whats-next-in-food-delivery-tech.Google Scholar
• Doyle R (2023) Uber Eats vs. Postmates: Comparison for users and drivers. Accessed September 30, 2023, https://apporbit.com/ubereats-vs-postmates-comparison.Google Scholar
• Farrell J, Shapiro C (1990) Horizontal mergers: An equilibrium analysis. Amer. Econom. Rev. 80(1):107–126.Google Scholar
• Feng G, Kong G, Wang Z (2021) We are on the way: Analysis of on-demand ride-hailing systems. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 23(5):1237–1256.Link, Google Scholar
• Gandotra S (2020) Here’s what Uber acquisition over Postmates means to entrepreneurs. Accessed September 30, 2023, https://www.code-brew.com/heres-what-uber-acquisition-over-postmates-means-to-entrepreneurs/.Google Scholar
• Gavazza A, Lizzeri A (2009) Transparency and economic policy. Rev. Econom. Stud. 76(3):1023–1048.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gridwise (2021) Uber vs. Lyft: Which is better for rideshare drivers? Accessed September 30, 2023, https://gridwise.io/uber-vs-lyft-which-is-better-for-rideshare-drivers.Google Scholar
• Hagiu A (2006) Pricing and commitment by two-sided platforms. RAND J. Econom. 37(3):720–737.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hagiu A (2009) Two-sided platforms: Product variety and pricing structures. J. Econom. Management Strategy 18(4):1011–1043.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Han W, Wang X, Ahsen ME, Wattal S (2022) The societal impact of sharing economy platform self-regulations—An empirical investigation. Inform. Systems Res. 33(4):1303–1323.Link, Google Scholar
• Hao L, Guo H, Easley RF (2017) A mobile platform’s in-app advertising contract under agency pricing for app sales. Production Oper. Management 26(2):189–202.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hart O, Tirole J, Carlton DW, Williamson OE (1990) Vertical integration and market foreclosure. Brookings Pap. Econom. Act. Microeconom. 1990:205–286.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Helling B (2023) Postmates Uber Eats merger: Bringing two giants together. Accessed September 30, 2023, https://www.ridester.com/postmates-uber-eats/.Google Scholar
• Hersey F (2018) Didi Waimai claims to have become Wuxi’s top food delivery service on first official day. TechNode (April 11), https://technode.com/2018/04/11/didi-wuxi/.Google Scholar
• Hotelling H (1929) Stability in competition. Econom. J. 39(153):41–57.Google Scholar
• Hu B, Hu M, Zhu H (2021) Surge pricing and two-sided temporal responses in ride hailing. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 24(1):91–109.Link, Google Scholar
• Iwamoto K (2018) Singapore allows Uber’s exit with antimonopoly measures. Nikkei (April 13), https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Singapore-allows-Uber-s-exit-with-antimonopoly-measures.Google Scholar
• Kleinberg J, Tardos E (2005) Algorithm Design (Pearson, London).Google Scholar
• Li X, Liu Q (2020) Contract unobservability and downstream competition. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 23(6):1468–1482.Link, Google Scholar
• Lu T, Zheng Z, Zhong Y (2023) Maximizing the benefits of an on-demand workforce: Fill rate-based allocation and coordination mechanisms. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 25(6):2216–2232.Abstract, Google Scholar
• McAfee RP, Schwartz M (1994) Opportunism in multilateral vertical contracting: Nondiscrimination, exclusivity, and uniformity. Amer. Econom. Rev. 84(1):210–230.Google Scholar
• Nikzad A (2020) Thickness and competition in on-demand service platforms. Working paper, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
• Perry MK, Porter RH (1985) Oligopoly and the incentive for horizontal merger. Amer. Econom. Rev. 75(1):219–227.Google Scholar
• PYMNTS (2023) Getaround acquires HyreCar to strengthen carsharing business. PYMNTS (May 15), https://www.pymnts.com/acquisitions/2023/getaround-acquires-hyrecar-to-strengthen-carsharing-business/.Google Scholar
• Rochet JC, Tirole J (2003) Platform competition in two-sided markets. J. Eur. Econom. Assoc. 1(4):990–1029.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rochet JC, Tirole J (2006) Two-sided markets: A progress report. RAND J. Econom. 37(3):645–667.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Russell J (2018) It’s official: Uber sells Southeast Asia business to Grab. Techcrunch (March 25), https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/25/gruber-official/.Google Scholar
• Rysman M (2009) The economics of two-sided markets. J. Econom. Perspect. 23(3):125–143.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Segal I (1999) Contracting with externalities. Quart. J. Econom. 114(2):337–388.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Stigler GJ (1950) Monopoly and oligopoly by merger. Amer. Econom. Rev. 40(2):23–34.Google Scholar
• Taylor TA (2018) On-demand service platforms. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 20(4):704–720.Link, Google Scholar
• Whinston MD (2007) Antitrust policy toward horizontal mergers. Armstrong M, Porter R, eds. Handbook of Industrial Organization, vol. 3 (Elsevier, Amsterdam), 2369–2440.Google Scholar
• Williamson OE (1968) Economies as an antitrust defense: The welfare tradeoffs. Amer. Econom. Rev. 58(1):18–36.Google Scholar
• Wu S, Xiao S, Benjaafar S (2020) Two-sided competition between on-demand service platforms. Working paper, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.Google Scholar
• Yu JJ, Tang CS, Max Shen ZJ, Chen XM (2020) A balancing act of regulating on-demand ride services. Management Sci. 66(7):2975–2992.Link, Google Scholar
• Zervas G, Proserpio D, Byers JW (2017) The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry. J. Marketing Res. 54(5):687–705.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Chen J, Raghunathan S (2022) Two-sided platform competition in a sharing economy. Management Sci. 68(12):8909–8932.Link, Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Chen J, Raghunathan S (2024) When sharing economy meets traditional business: Coopetition between ride-sharing platforms and car-rental firms. Inform. Systems Res. 35(3):1137–1153.Link, Google Scholar