Gatekeepers at Work: An Empirical Analysis of a Maternity Unit

References

• Alizamir S, de Véricourt F, Sun P (2013) Diagnostic accuracy under congestion. Management Sci. 59(1):157–171.Link, Google Scholar
• Anand K, Paç M, Veeraraghavan S (2011) Quality–speed conundrum: Trade-offs in customer-intensive services. Management Sci. 57(1):40–56.Link, Google Scholar
• Andritsos D, Tang C (2014) Linking process quality and resource usage: An empirical analysis. Production Oper. Management 23(12):2163–2177.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Anim-Somuah M, Smyth R, Howell C (2011) Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia in labour. Cochrane Database Systematic Rev. 12.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Batt RJ, Terwiesch C (2016) Early task initiation and other load-adaptive mechanisms in the emergency department. Management Sci. ePub ahead of print August 26 https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2516.Link, Google Scholar
• Bendoly E, Donohue K, Schultz K (2006) Behavior in operations management: Assessing recent findings and revisiting old assumptions. J. Oper. Management 24(6):737–752.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Berry Jaeker JA, Tucker AL (2017) Past the point of speeding up: The negative effects of workload saturation on efficiency and patient severity. Management Sci. 64(4):1042–1062.Link, Google Scholar
• Borst S, Mandelbaum A, Reiman M (2004) Dimensioning large call centers. Oper. Res. 52(1):17–34.Link, Google Scholar
• Boudreau J, Hopp W, McClain J, Thomas L (2003) On the interface between operations and human resources management. Manufacturing and Service Oper. Management 5(3):179–202.Link, Google Scholar
• Bragg F, Cromwell D, Edozien L, Gurol-Urganci I, Mahmood T, Templeton A, van der Meulen J (2010) Variation in rates of caesarean section among English NHS trusts after accounting for maternal and clinical risk: Cross sectional study. BMJ 341:c5065.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brekke K, Nuscheler R, Straume O (2007) Gatekeeping in health care. J. Health Econom. 26(1):149–170.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brookhart M, Rassen J, Schneeweiss S (2010) Instrumental variable methods in comparative safety and effectiveness research. Pharmacoepidemiology Drug Safety 19(6):537–554.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chan CC, Farias VF, Escobar GJ (2017) The impact of delays on service times in the intensive care unit. Management Sci.63(7):2049–2072.Link, Google Scholar
• Clover B (2010) Midwife workloads too high to be safe. Nursing Times (September 23), http://www.nursingtimes.net/midwife-workloads-too-high-to-be-safe/5019649.fullarticle.Google Scholar
• Curtis L (2012) Unit costs of health and social care 2012. Technical report, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London.Google Scholar
• DCLG (2011) The English indices of deprivation. Technical report, Department for Communities and Local Government, London.Google Scholar
• Debo L, Toktay L, Van Wassenhove L (2008) Queuing for expert services. Management Sci. 54(8):1497–1512.Link, Google Scholar
• Department of Health (2012) Patient level information and costing systems (PLICS) and reference costs best practice guidance for 2011–12. Technical report, Department of Health, London.Google Scholar
• Eason E, Labrecque M, Wells G, Feldman P (2000) Preventing perineal trauma during childbirth: A systematic review. Obstetrics Gynecology 95(3):464–471.Google Scholar
• González P (2010) Gatekeeping versus direct-access when patient information matters. Health Econom. 19(6):730–754.Google Scholar
• Green L, Liu N (2015) A study of New York City obstetrics units demonstrates the potential for reducing hospital inpatient capacity. Medical Care Res. Rev. 72(2):168–186.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Green L, Savin S, Savva N (2013) “Nursevendor problem”: Personnel staffing in the presence of endogenous absenteeism. Management Sci. 59(10):2237–2256.Link, Google Scholar
• Hamilton B, Sutton P (2013) Recent trends in births and fertility rates through December 2012. Technical report, National Center for Health Statistics, Atlanta.Google Scholar
• Hasija S, Pinker E, Shumsky R (2005) Staffing and routing in a two-tier call centre. Internat. J. Oper. Res. 1(1/2):8–29.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Henderson J, McCandlish R, Kumiega L, Petrou S (2001) Systematic review of economic aspects of alternative modes of delivery. British J. Obstetrics Gynaecology 108(2):149–157.Google Scholar
• Hopp W, Iravani S, Yuen G (2007) Operations systems with discretionary task completion. Management Sci. 53(1):61–77.Link, Google Scholar
• HSCIC (2013) OPCS-4 classification. Report, Health & Social Care Information Centre, West Yorkshire, UK. http://systems.hscic.gov.uk/data/clinicalcoding/codingstandards/opcs4.Google Scholar
• Huckman R, Staats B, Upton D (2009) Team familiarity, role experience, and performance: Evidence from Indian software services. Management Sci. 55(1):85–100.Link, Google Scholar
• Kane R, Shamliyan T, Mueller C, Duval S, Wilt T (2007) The association of registered nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medical Care 45(12):1195–1204.Crossref, Google Scholar
• KC D, Terwiesch C (2009) Impact of workload on service time and patient safety: An econometric analysis of hospital operations. Management Sci. 55(9):1486–1498.Link, Google Scholar
• KC D, Terwiesch C (2012) An econometric analysis of patient flows in the cardiac intensive care unit. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 14(1):50–65.Link, Google Scholar
• Kesavan S, Staats BR, Gilland W (2014) Volume flexibility in services: The costs and benefits of flexible labor resources. Management Sci. 60(8):1884–1906.Link, Google Scholar
• Kim S, Chan C, Olivares M, Escobar G (2014) ICU admission control: An empirical study of capacity allocation and its implication for patient outcomes. Management Sci. 61(1):19–38.Link, Google Scholar
• Kostami V, Rajagopalan S (2013) Speed-quality trade-offs in a dynamic model. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 16(1):104–118.Link, Google Scholar
• Kuntz L, Mennicken R, Scholtes S (2014) Stress on the ward: Evidence of safety tipping points in hospitals. Management Sci. 61(4):754–771.Link, Google Scholar
• Lee H, Pinker E, Shumsky R (2012) Outsourcing a two-level service process. Management Sci. 58(8):1569–1584.Link, Google Scholar
• Lilley R (2003) The Insider’s Guide to the NHS: How It Works and Why It Sometimes Doesn’t (Radcliffe Publishing, London).Google Scholar
• Liu E, Sia A (2004) Rates of caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery in nulliparous women after low concentration epidural infusions or opioid analgesia: Systematic review. BMJ 328:1410–1415.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lothian J (2006) Birth plans: The good, the bad, and the future. J. Obstetric Gynecologic Neonatal Nursing 35(2):295–303.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Luo J, Zhang J (2013) Staffing and control of instant messaging contact centers. Oper. Res. 61(2):328–343.Link, Google Scholar
• Maddala G (1983) Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics (Cambridge University Press, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Malcomson J (2004) Health service gatekeepers. RAND J. Econom. 35(2):401–421.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mariñoso BG, Jelovac I (2003) GPs’ payment contracts and their referral practice. J. Health Econom. 22(4):617–635.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Martin A, Hartman M, Whittle L, Catlin A (2014) National health spending in 2012: Rate of health spending growth remained low for the fourth consecutive year. Health Affairs 33(1):67–77.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mas A, Moretti E (2009) Peers at work. Amer. Econom. Rev. 99(1):112–145.Crossref, Google Scholar
• NAO (2013) Maternity services in England. Technical report, National Audit Office, London.Google Scholar
• Needleman J, Buerhaus P, Pankratz V (2011) Nurse staffing and inpatient hospital mortality. N. Engl. J. Med. 364(11):1037–1045.Crossref, Google Scholar
• NICE (2012) Caesarean section. Technical report clinical guideline 132, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, London.Google Scholar
• OAA (2013) OAA/AAGBI Guidelines for obstetric anaesthetic services 2013. Technical report, Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association, London, http://www.aagbi.org/sites/default/files/obstetric_anaesthetic_services_2013.pdf.Google Scholar
• Oliva R, Sterman J (2001) Cutting corners and working overtime: Quality erosion in the service industry. Management Sci. 47(7):894–914.Link, Google Scholar
• Paç M, Veeraraghavan S (2015) False diagnosis and overtreatment in services. Working paper, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
• Powell A, Savin S, Savva N (2012) Physician workload and hospital reimbursement: Overworked physicians generate less revenue per patient. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 14(4):512–528.Link, Google Scholar
• Ramdas K, Saleh K, Stern S, Liu H (2014) New joints more hip? Learning in the use of new components. Working paper, London Business School, London.Google Scholar
• Reed R (2011) Induction: A step by step guide. MidwifeThinking (July 17), http://midwifethinking.com/2011/07/17/induction-a-step-by-step-guide/.Google Scholar
• Renfrew M, Hannah W, Albers L, Floyd E (1998) Practices that minimize trauma to the genital tract in childbirth: A systematic review of the literature. Birth 25(3):143–160.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Robinson L, Chen R (2011) Estimating the implied value of the customer’s waiting time. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 13(1):53–57.Link, Google Scholar
• Rosenthal E (2013) American way of birth, costliest in the world. New York Times (June 30), http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/01/health/american-way-of-birth-costliest-in-the-world.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.Google Scholar
• Schultz K, Juran D, Boudreau J, McClain J, Thomas L (1998) Modeling and worker motivation in JIT production systems. Management Sci. 44(12-part-1):1595–1607.Link, Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Su X (2007) Customer behavior modeling in revenue management and auctions: A review and new research opportunities. Production Oper. Management 16(6):713–728.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Shumsky R, Pinker E (2003) Gatekeepers and referrals in services. Management Sci. 49(7):839–856.Link, Google Scholar
• Smith M, Saunders R, Stuckhardt L, McGinnis J (2012) Best Care at Lower Cost: The Path to Continuously Learning Health Care in America (National Academies Press, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
• Staats B, Gino F (2012) Specialization and variety in repetitive tasks: Evidence from a Japanese bank. Management Sci. 58(6):1141–1159.Link, Google Scholar
• Tan T, Netessine S (2014) When does the devil make work? An empirical study of the impact of workload on worker productivity. Management Sci. 60(6):1574–1593.Link, Google Scholar
• WHO (2011) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision. Report, World Health Organization, Geneva.Google Scholar
• Wilde J (2000) Identification of multiple equation probit models with endogenous dummy regressors. Econom. Lett. 69(3):309–312.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Luh H, Wang C (2011) Modeling security-check queues. Management Sci. 57(11):1979–1995.Link, Google Scholar