Does Technology Substitute for Nurses? Staffing Decisions in Nursing Homes
Published Online:28 Mar 2017https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2695
References
- (2002) Technical change, inequality, and the labor market. J. Econom. Literature 40(1):7–72.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) What clever robots mean for jobs. Wall Street Journal (February 24), https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-clever-robots-mean-for-jobs-1424835002.Google Scholar
- (2010) The digital transformation of healthcare: Current status and the road ahead. Inform. Systems Res. 21(4):796–809.Link, Google Scholar
- (2011) Why software is eating the world. Wall Street Journal (August 20), https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903480904576512250915629460.Google Scholar
- (2002) The impact of information technology on emergency health care outcomes. RAND J. Econom. 33(3):399–432.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) The skill content of recent technological change: An empirical exploration. Quart. J. Econom. 118(4):1279–1333.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Computing inequality: Have computers changed the labor market? Quart. J. Econom. 113(4):1169–1213.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) To pool or not to pool: Homogeneous versus heterogeneous estimators applied to cigarette demand. Rev. Econom. Statist. 82(1):117–126.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Changes in the demand for skilled labor within United-States manufacturing—Evidence from the annual survey of manufactures. Quart. J. Econom. 109(2):367–397.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Electronic medical records and physician productivity: Evidence from panel data analysis. Management Sci. 60(10):2543–2562.Link, Google Scholar
- (2002) Information technology, workplace organization, and the demand for skilled labor: Firm-level evidence. Quart. J. Econom. 117(1):339–376.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) Malpractice laws and incentives to shield assets: Evidence from nursing homes. J. Empirical Legal Stud. Forthcoming.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Computing productivity: Firm-level evidence. Rev. Econom. Statist. 85(4):793–808.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Nursing home caregiver staffing levels and quality of care—A literature review. J. Appl. Gerontology 27(4):375–405.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) (2017) Design for Nursing Home Compare five-star quality rating system: Technical users’ guide. User’s guide, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Baltimore. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/CertificationandComplianc/downloads/usersguide.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2008) Competition, quality choices and vertical differentiation: Applications to the nursing home industry. Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.Google Scholar
- (2015) Intended and unintended consequences of minimum staffing standards for nursing homes. Health Econom. 24(7):822–839.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Does technological progress alter the nature of information technology as a production input? New evidence and new results. Inform. Systems Res. 21(2):392–408.Link, Google Scholar
- (1996) The effect of Medicaid reimbursement on quality of care in nursing homes. J. Health Econom. 15(1):23–48.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Long-term care industry now admitting long-term investors. Credit Suisse Equity Research Report, December 28. Credit Suisse Equity Research (2001) Long-term care industry.Google Scholar
- (2013) Temporal specificity and task alignment: Evidence from patient care. J. Econom. Management Strategy 22(3):617–639.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) The interaction of institutionally triggered and technology-triggered social structure change: An investigation of computerized physician order entry. MIS Quart. 31(4):739–758.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) The substitution of information technology for other factors of production: A firm level analysis. Management Sci. 43(12):1660–1675.Link, Google Scholar
- (2014) The trillion dollar conundrum: Complementarities and health information technology. Amer. Econom. J.: Econom. Policy 6(4):239–270.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Computerized physician order entry: Eight steps to optimize physician workflow. J. Healthcare Inform. Management 16(1):16–18.Google Scholar
- (1993) Labor flexibility and staffing levels in a dual-resource constrained job-shop. Internat. J. Production Res. 31(10):2487–2506.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Electronic medical records, nurse staffing, and nurse-sensitive patient outcomes: Evidence from the national database of nursing quality indicators. Medical Care Res. Rev. 68(3):311–331.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Evolving work routines: Adaptive routinization of information technology in healthcare. Inform. Systems Res. 22(3):565–585.Link, Google Scholar
- (2008) Nursing home quality as a common good. Rev. Econom. Statist. 90(4):754–764.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1969) Capital-skill complementarity. Rev. Econom. Statist. 51(4):465–468.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Computerized provider order entry (CPOE): How is nursing work impacted? Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison.Google Scholar
- (2007) Challenges and opportunities in documentation of the nursing care of patients. Report, Maryland Nursing Workforce Commission, Baltimore. http://mbon.maryland.gov/Documents/documentation_challenges.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2010) Nursing home staffing standards in state statutes and regulations. Report, Community Living Policy Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco. http://theconsumervoice.org/uploads/files/issues/Harrington-state-staffing-table-2010.pdf (last accessed March 12, 2017).Google Scholar
- (1997) The effect of certificate of need and moratoria policy on change in nursing home beds in the United States. Medical Care 35(6):574–588.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Nursing home staffing and its relationship to deficiencies. J. Gerontology: Psych. Sci. 55(5):S278–S287.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1993) Rank, stock, order, and epidemic effects in the diffusion of new process technologies—An empirical-model. RAND J. Econom. 24(4):503–528.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) LTC industry generates $259 billion in revenue during 2011. iAdvance Senior Care (March 27), http://www.iadvanceseniorcare.com/news-item/ltc-industry-generates-259-billion-revenue-during-2011.Google Scholar
- (2008) The staffing-outcomes relationship in nursing homes. Health Services Res. 43(3):1025–1042.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Nursing home 5-star rating system exacerbates disparities in quality, by payer source. Health Affairs 34(5):819–827.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Capital-skill complementarity and inequality: A macroeconomic analysis. Econometrica 68(5):1029–1053.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Nurses shift, aiming for more time with patients. Wall Street Journal (July 21), https://www.wsj.com/articles/nurses-shift-aiming-for-more-time-with-patients-1405984193.Google Scholar
- (2013) The impact of health information technology on hospital productivity. RAND J. Econom. 44(3):545–568.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Effect of overlapping patient population on interoperability. Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.Google Scholar
- (2016) The role of donations in quality disclosure: Evidence from nonprofit nursing homes. Amer. J. Health Econom. 2(4):431–462.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) Do mandatory overtime laws improve quality? Staffing decisions and operational flexibility of nursing homes. Management Sci. 63(11):3566–3585.Link, Google Scholar
- (2013) Clustering, agency costs and operating efficiency: Evidence from nursing home chains. Management Sci. 59(3):677–694.Link, Google Scholar
- (2013) Optimal incentives and securitization of defaultable assets. J. Financial Econom. 107(1):111–135.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Optimal reinsurance with multiple tranches. J. Math. Econom. 65(August):71–82.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Investing in the IT that makes a competitive difference. Harvard Bus. Rev. (July–August), https://hbr.org/2008/07/investing-in-the-it-that-makes-a-competitive-difference-difference.Google Scholar
- (2009) Privacy protection and technology diffusion: The case of electronic medical records. Management Sci. 55(7):1077–1093.Link, Google Scholar
- (2011) Can health care information technology save babies? J. Political Econom. 119(2):289–324.Crossref, Google Scholar
- National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice (NACNEP) (2009) Challenges facing the nurse workforce in a changing environment. Report, National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice, Washington, DC. http://www.hrsa.gov/advisorycommittees/bhpradvisory/nacnep/Reports/seventhreport.pdf.Google Scholar
- National Nurse Staff (2014) Trouble on the horizon: Top five things RNs must know about where healthcare is heading. Natl. Nurse 110(1):12–15.Google Scholar
- (2009) The impact of computerized provider order entry systems on inpatient clinical workflow: A literature review. J. Amer. Medical Informatics Assoc. 16(4):539–549.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Long-term care. Culyer AJ, Newhouse JP, eds. Handbook of Health Economics, Vol. 1B (Elsevier, Amsterdam), 955–994.Google Scholar
- (1993) Testing for excess demand in nursing home care markets. Medical Care 31(8):680–693.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Health information technology and patient safety: Evidence from panel data. Health Affairs 28(2):357–360.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Addressing the nursing workforce: A critical element for health reform. Health Affairs 28(4): 620–644.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Effective Management of Long-Term Care Facilities (Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Burlington, MA).Google Scholar
- (2003) The future of the nurse shortage: Will wage increases close the gap? Health Affairs 22(6):199–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Computerized physician order entry with clinical decision support in long-term care facilities: Costs and benefits to stakeholders. J. Amer. Geriatrics Soc. 55(9):1451–1457.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Lawrence H. Summers on the economic challenge of the future: Jobs. Wall Street Journal (July 7), https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawrence-h-summers-on-the-economic-challenge-of-the-future-jobs-1404762501.Google Scholar
- (2015) In race for Medicare dollars, nursing home care may lag. New York Times (April 14), https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/business/as-nursing-homes-chase-lucrative-patients-quality-of-care-is-said-to-lag.html.Google Scholar
- (2013) The effect of pay-for-performance in nursing homes: Evidence from state Medicaid programs. Health Services Res. 48(4):1393–1414.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Nurses have little time for patients. Amer. J. Nursing 108(9):20–21.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Health information technologies: Which nursing homes adopted them? J. Amer. Medical Directors Assoc. 17(5):441–447.Crossref, Google Scholar

