Has Section 404 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act Discouraged Corporate Investment? New Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Published Online:19 Apr 2019https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3090
References
- (2013) The economic effects of SOX Section 404 compliance: A corporate insider perspective. J. Accounting Econom. 56(2/3):267–290.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Liquidity and asset prices. Foundations Trends Finance 1(4):269–364.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) SOX, corporate transparency, and the cost of debt. J. Banking Finance 38(C):145–165.Google Scholar
- (2009) Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist’s Companion, 1st ed. (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Did SOX Section 404 make firms less opaque? Evidence from cross-listed firms. Contemporary Accounting Res. 30(3):1133–1165.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) The effect of SOX internal control deficiencies on firm risk and cost of equity. J. Accounting Res. 47(1):1–43.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Market and political/regulatory perspectives on the recent accounting Scandals. J. Accounting Res. 47(2):277–323.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Sarbanes-Oxley and corporate risk-taking. J. Accounting Econom. 29(1/2):34–52.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Financing patterns around the world: Are small firms different? J. Financial Econom. 89(3):467–487.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates? Quart. J. Econom. 119(1):249–275.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Equity, bonds, and bank debt: Capital structure and financial market equilibrium under asymmetric information. J. Political Econom. 108(2):324–351.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) The determinants of corporate board size and composition: An empirical analysis. J. Financial Econom. 85(1):66–101.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Alternative factor specifications, security characteristics, and the cross-section of expected stock returns. J. Financial Econom. 49(3):345–373.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1990) Employers Large and Small (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
- (1993) Advertising, R&D expenditure and the market value of the firm. Financial Management 22(4):128–140.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Corporate governance and firm value: The impact of the 2002 governance rules. J. Finance 62(4):1789–1825.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Mandatory IFRS reporting and changes in enforcement. J. Accounting Econom. 56(2/3):147–177.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) The goals and promise of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. J. Econom. Perspect. 21(1):91–116.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) SOX after ten years: A multidisciplinary review. Accounting Horizons 28(3):627–671.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Law and the market: The impact of enforcement. Univ. PA Law Rev. 156(2):229–311.Google Scholar
- (2013) Corporate governance reform and executives’ incentives: Implications for investments and risk-taking. Contemporary Accounting Res. 30(4):1296–1332.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) How do informational frictions affect the firm's choice of asset liquidity? The effect of SOX Section 404. Working paper, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Loius. Google Scholar
- (1988) Small Business and Banks: The United States (NFIB Foundation, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
- (2011) Internal control disclosures, monitoring, and the cost of debt. Accounting Rev. 86(4):1131–1156.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Issues arising from surveys of management accounting practice. Management Accounting Res. 6(3):267–280.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) The Sarbanes--Oxley Act and firms’ going-private decision. J. Accounting Econom. 44(1/2):116–145.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) The cross-section of expected stock returns. J. Finance 47(2):427–465.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1988) Financing constraints and corporate investment. Brookings Papers Econom. Activity 1998(1):141–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994a) Shareholder litigation and corporate disclosures. J. Accounting Res. 32(2):137–164.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994b) Determinants and outcomes in class action securities litigation. Working paper, University of Chicago, Chicago.Google Scholar
- (2016) To comply or not to comply: Understanding the discretion in reporting public float and SEC regulations. Contemporary Accounting Res. 33(3):1075–1100.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Unintended consequences of small firms exemptions from Securities regulation: Evidence from SOX. J. Accounting Res. 47(2):459–506.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) New evidence on measuring financial constraints: Moving beyond the KZ Index. Rev. Financial Stud. 23(5):1909–1940.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Who creates jobs? Small vs. large vs. young. U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies Paper No. CES-WP- 10–17, Center for Economic Studies, Washington, DC. Google Scholar
- (2008) A theory of board control and size. Rev. Financial Stud. 21(4):1797–1832.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Discussion of unintended consequences of granting small firms exemptions from securities regulation: Evidence from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. J. Accounting Res. 47(2):507–518.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) A lobbying approach to evaluating the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. J. Accounting Res. 47(2):519–583.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) The state of US corporate governance: What’s right and what’s wrong? J. Appl. Corporate Finance 15(3):8–20.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Regression discontinuity designs: A guide to practice. J. Econometrics 142(2):615–635.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) The effect of SOX Section 404: Costs, earnings quality, and stock prices. J. Finance 65(3):1163–1196.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Sarbanes-Oxley's effects on small firms: What is the evidence? Economics and Business Discussion Paper Series Paper 588, John M. Olin Center for Law, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- (2010) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and corporate investment: A structural assessment. J. Financial Econom. 96(2):291–305.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Internal control weakness and bank loan contracting: Evidence from SOX Section 404 disclosures. Accounting Rev. 86(4):1157–1188.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1999) A new estimate of transaction costs. Rev. Financial Stud. 12(5):1113–1141.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Was the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 really this costly? A discussion of evidence from event returns and going-private decisions. J. Accounting Econom. 44(1/2):146–165.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Why do firms go dark? Causes and economic consequences of voluntary SEC deregulation. J. Accounting Econom. 45(2/3):181–208.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Natural and quasi-experiments in economics. J. Bus. Econom. Statist. 13(2):151–162.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) A study of firms surrounding the threshold of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 compliance. Adv. Accounting 28(1):96–110.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Internal control weakness and cost of equity: Evidence from SOX Section 404 certifications. Accounting Rev. 82(5):1255–1297.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) The benefits of lending relationships: Evidence from small business data. J. Finance 49(1):3–37.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Regulation and bonding: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the flow of international listings. J. Accounting Res. 46(2):383–425.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) How laws and institutions shape financial contracts: The case of bank loans. J. Finance 62(6):2803–2834.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Collateral, risk management, and the distribution of debt capacity. J. Finance 65(6):2293–2322.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Endogeneity in empirical corporate finance. Constantinides G, Harris M, Stulz R, eds. Handbook of the Economics of Finance, vol. 2 (Elsevier, Amsterdam), 493–572.Google Scholar
- (2011) The effect of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on financial reporting quality. J. Accounting Audit Finance 26(3):556–589.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1981) Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information. Amer. Econom. Rev. 71(3):393–410.Google Scholar
- (1983) Discretionary disclosure. J. Accounting Econom. 5:179–194.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 4th ed. (South-Western College, Mason, OH).Google Scholar
- (2012) Essays on information asymmetry and the firm. Dissertation, University of Iowa, Iowa City.Google Scholar
- (2007) Economic consequences of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. J. Accounting Econom. 44(1/2):74–115.Crossref, Google Scholar

