Interfirm Exchange and Innovation in Platform Ecosystems: Evidence from Apple’s Worldwide Developers Conference

References

• Adner R, Kapoor R (2010) Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strategic Management J. 31(3):306–333.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Almeida P, Kogut B (1999) Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Management Sci. 45(7):905–917.Link, Google Scholar
• Anderson EG, Parker GG, Tan B (2014) Platform performance investment in the presence of network externalities. Inform. Systems Res. 25(1):152–172.Link, Google Scholar
• Apple (2016a) Apple’s Worldwide Developers Conference kicks off June 13 in San Francisco. Apple Inc. Retrieved July 18, 2018, http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2016/04/18Apples-Worldwide-Developers-Conference-Kicks-Off-June-13-in-San-Francisco.html.Google Scholar
• Apple (2016b) WWDC 2016 registration and attendance policy. Apple Inc. Retrieved July 17, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20170213092354/https://developer.apple.com/wwdc/policy/.Google Scholar
• Argote L, Ingram P (2000) Knowledge transfer: A basis for competitive advantage in firms. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 82(1):150–169.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 51(6):1173–1182.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bertrand M, Duflo E, Mullainathan S (2004) How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates? Quart. J. Econom. 119(1):249–275.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bloom N, Van Reenen J (2010) New approaches to surveying organizations. Amer. Econom. Rev. 100(2):105–109.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Boudreau K (2010) Open platform strategies and innovation: Granting access vs. devolving control. Management Sci. 56(10):1849–1872.Link, Google Scholar
• Boudreau KJ (2012) Let a thousand flowers bloom? an early look at large numbers of software app developers and patterns of innovation. Organ. Sci. 23(5):1409–1427.Link, Google Scholar
• Boudreau K, Lakhani K (2009) How to manage outside innovation. MIT Sloan Management Rev. 50(4):69–76.Google Scholar
• Bushee BJ, Jung MJ, Miller GS (2011) Conference presentations and the disclosure milieu. J. Accounting Res. 49(5):1163–1192.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cai J, Szeidl A (2017) Interfirm relationships and business performance. Quart J. Econom. 133(3):1229–1282.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Caillaud B, Jullien B (2003) Chicken & egg: Competition among intermediation service providers. RAND J. Econom. 34(2):309–328.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Campos R, Leon F, McQuillin B (2018) Lost in the storm: The academic collaborations that went missing in Hurricane Issac. Econom. J. (London) 128(610):995–1018.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cennamo C, Santalo J (2013) Platform competition: Strategic trade-offs in platform markets. Strategic Management J. 34(11):1331–1350.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Claussen J, Kretschmer T, Mayrhofer P (2013) The effects of rewarding user engagement: The case of Facebook apps. Inform. Systems Res. 24(1):186–200.Link, Google Scholar
• Cowan R, Foray D (1997) The economics of codification and the diffusion of knowledge. Indust. Corporate Change 6(3):595–622.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cusumano MA, Gawer A (2002) The elements of platform leadership. MIT Sloan Management Rev. 43(3):51–58.Google Scholar
• Dyer JH, Singh H (1998) The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Acad. Management Rev. 23(4):660–679.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Farrell J, Katz ML (2000) Innovation, rent extraction, and integration in systems markets. J. Indust. Econom. 48(4):413–432.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Farrell J, Klemperer P (2007) Coordination and lock-in: Competition with switching costs and network effects. Armstrong M, Porter K, eds. Handbook of Industrial Organization, vol. 3 (North-Holland, Amsterdam), 1967–2072.Google Scholar
• Farrell J, Saloner G (1985) Standardization, compatibility, and innovation. RAND J. Econom. 16(1):70–83.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fernández-Val I, Weidner M (2016) Individual and time effects in nonlinear panel models with large N, T. J. Econometrics 192(1):291–312.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Firth D (1993) Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates. Biometrika 80(1):27–38.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Foerderer J, Kude T, Schuetz S, Heinzl A (2019) Knowledge boundaries in enterprise software platform ecosystems: Antecedents and consequences for platform governance. Inform. Systems J. 29(1):1–25.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Foerderer J, Mithas S, Kude T, Heinzl A (2018) Does platform owner’s entry crowd out innovation? Evidence from Google photos. Inform. Systems Res. 29(2):444–460.Link, Google Scholar
• Garg R, Telang R (2013) Inferring app demand from publicly available data. Management Inform. Systems Quart. 37(4):1253–1264.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gawer A, Cusumano MA (2002) Platform Leadership: How Intel, Microsoft, and Cisco Drive Industry Innovation (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).Google Scholar
• Gawer A, Henderson R (2007) Platform owner entry and innovation in complementary markets: Evidence from Intel. J. Econom. Management Strategy 16(1):1–34.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ghazawneh A, Henfridsson O (2013) Balancing platform control and external contribution in third-party development: The boundary resources model. Inform. Systems J. 23(2):173–192.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ghose A, Han SP (2014) Estimating demand for mobile applications in the new economy. Management Sci. 60(6):1470–1488.Link, Google Scholar
• Gulati R (1995) Social structure and alliance formation patterns: A longitudinal analysis. Admin. Sci. Quart. 40(4):619–652.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gulati R (1998) Alliances and networks. Strategic Management J. 19(4):293–317.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gulati R (1999) Network location and learning: The influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation. Strategic Management J. 20(5):397–420.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gulati R, Singh H (1998) The architecture of cooperation: Managing coordination costs and appropriation concerns in strategic alliances. Admin. Sci. Quart. 43(4):781–814.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hagiu A (2006) Pricing and commitment by two-sided platforms. RAND J. Econom. 37(3):720–737.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hamel G (1991) Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances. Strategic Management J. 12(S1):83–103.Google Scholar
• Huang P, Ceccagnoli M, Forman C, Wu DJ (2013) Appropriability mechanisms and the platform partnership decision: Evidence from enterprise software. Management Sci. 59(1):102–121.Link, Google Scholar
• Huber T, Kude T, Dibbern J (2017) Governance practices in platform ecosystems: Navigating tensions between co-created value and governance costs. Inform. Systems Res. 28(3):563–584.Link, Google Scholar
• Iacus SM, King G, Porro G, Katz JN (2012) Causal inference without balance checking: Coarsened exact matching. Political Anal. 20(1):1–24.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Imai K, Keele L, Tingley D, Yamamoto T (2011) Unpacking the black box of causality: Learning about causal mechanisms from experimental and observational studies. Amer. Political Sci. Rev. 105(4):765–789.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jaffe AB, Trajtenberg M, Henderson R (1993) Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Quart. J. Econom. 108(3):577–598.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jullien B, Pavan A (2019) Information management and pricing in platform markets. Rev. Econom. Stud. 86(4):1666–1703.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Katila R, Rosenberger JD, Eisenhardt KM (2008) Swimming with sharks: Technology ventures, defense mechanisms and corporate relationships. Admin. Sci. Quart. 53(2):295–332.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Katz ML, Shapiro C (1994) Systems competition and network effects. J. Econom. Perspect. 8(2):93–115.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kawasaki G (1990) The Macintosh Way (Harper Perennial, New York).Google Scholar
• King G, Zeng L (2001) Logistic regression in rare events data. Political Anal. 9(2):137–163.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lakhani KR, Von Hippel E (2003) How open source software works: “Free” user-to-user assistance. Res. Policy 32(6):923–943.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Luca M, Zervas G (2016) Fake it till you make it: Reputation, competition, and yelp review fraud. Management Sci. 62(12):3412–3427.Link, Google Scholar
• Mahajan V, Muller E, Bass FM (1990) New product diffusion models in marketing: A review and directions for research. J. Marketing 54(1):1–26.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nickell S (1981) Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects. Econometrica 49(6):1417–1426.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nonaka I (1994) A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organ. Sci. 5(1):14–37.Link, Google Scholar
• Parker GG, Van Alstyne MW (2005) Two-sided network effects: A theory of information product design. Management Sci. 51(10):1494–1504.Link, Google Scholar
• Parker GG, Van Alstyne MW (2018) Innovation, openness, and platform control. Management Sci. 64(7):3015–3032.Link, Google Scholar
• Polanyi M (1966) The Tacit Dimension (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
• Powell WW, Koput KW, Smith-Doerr L (1996) Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Admin. Sci. Quart. 41(1):116–145.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ring PS, Van de Ven AH (1994) Developmental processes of cooperative interorganizational relationships. Acad. Management Rev. 19(1):90–118.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB (1983) The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70(1):41–55.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Subramani MR, Venkatraman N (2003) Safeguarding investments in asymmetric interorganizational relationships: Theory and evidence. Acad. Management J. 46(1):46–62.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Teece DJ (1986) Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Res. Policy 15(6):285–305.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Teece DJ (1998) Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets. Calif. Management Rev. 40(3):55–79.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tiwana A (2015) Evolutionary competition in platform ecosystems. Inform. Systems Res. 26(2):266–281.Link, Google Scholar
• Tiwana A, Konsynski B, Bush AA (2010) Platform evolution: Coevolution of platform architecture, governance, and environmental dynamics. Inform. Systems Res. 21(4):675–687.Link, Google Scholar
• Uzzi B, Lancaster R (2003) Relational embeddedness and learning: The case of bank loan managers and their clients. Management Sci. 49(4):383–399.Link, Google Scholar
• Veugelers R (1997) Internal R&D expenditures and external technology sourcing. Res. Policy 26(3):303–316.Crossref, Google Scholar
• von Hippel E (1998) Economics of product development by users: The impact of “sticky” local information. Management Sci. 44(5):629–644.Link, Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Li B, Singh PV (2018) Copycats vs. original mobile apps: A machine learning copycat-detection method and empirical analysis. Inform. Systems Res. 29(2):273–291.Link, Google Scholar
• Wen W, Zhu F (2019) Threat of platform‐owner entry and complementor responses: Evidence from the mobile app market. Strategic Management J. 40(9):1336–1367.Crossref, Google Scholar
• West J (2003) How open is open enough?: Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies. Res. Policy 32(7):1259–1285.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wooldridge JM (1996) Estimating systems of equations with different instruments for different equations. J. Econometrics 74(2):387–405.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Yoo Y, Henfridsson O, Lyytinen K (2010) Research commentary—the new organizing logic of digital innovation: An agenda for information systems research. Inform. Systems Res. 21(4):724–735.Link, Google Scholar
• Zhu F, Liu Q (2018) Competing with complementors: An empirical look at amazon.com. Strategic Management J. 39(10):2618–2642.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zhu F, Zhang X (2010) Impact of online consumer reviews on sales: The moderating role of product and consumer characteristics. J. Marketing 74(2):133–148.Crossref, Google Scholar