Collusive Investments in Technological Compatibility: Lessons from U.S. Railroads in the Late 19th Century

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3504

References

  • Argue DA (1990) Cartel operation with revenue pooling and output quotas: The Southern Railway and Steamship Association. Unpublished dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.Google Scholar
  • Atack J (2015) Historical geographic information systems (GIS) database of U.S. railroads for 1861 (September). Accessed November 13, 2019, https://my.vanderbilt.edu/jeremyatack/data-downloads/.Google Scholar
  • Basker E, Simcoe T (2019) Upstream, downstream: Diffusion and impacts of the universal product code. Working paper, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
  • Besen SM, Farrell J (1994) Choosing how to compete: Strategies and tactics in standardization. J. Econom. Perspect. 8(2):117–131.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Blonigen BA, Cristea A (2013) The effects of the Interstate Commerce Act on transport costs: Evidence from wheat prices. Rev. Indust. Organ. 43(1–2):41–62.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Chandler AD Jr (1977) The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business (Belknap Press, Cambridge).Google Scholar
  • Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway Co. (1884) Report and statement of accounts 1884. Fiscal year ending December 31, 1884. Report, Wm. A Webb & Co., Cincinnati.Google Scholar
  • Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway Co. (1885) Report and statement of accounts 1885. Fiscal year ending December 31, 1885. Report, Wm. A Webb & Co., Cincinnati.Google Scholar
  • Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway Co. (1886) Report and statement of accounts 1886. Fiscal year ending December 31, 1886. Report, Wm. A Webb & Co., Cincinnati.Google Scholar
  • Conley TG (1999) GMM estimation with cross-sectional dependence. J. Econometrics 92(1):1–45.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • David PA, Bunn JA (1988) The economics of gateway technologies and network evolution: Lessons from electricity supply history. Inform. Econom. Policy 3(2):165–202.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • David PA, Greenstein S (1990) The economics of compatibility standards: An introduction to recent research. Econom. Innovation New Tech. 1(1–2):3–41.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Economides N (1989) Desirability of compatibility in the absence of network externalities. Amer. Econom. Rev. 79(5):1165–1181.Google Scholar
  • Ellison G (1994) Theories of cartel stability and the Joint Executive Committee. RAND J. Econom. 25(1):37–57.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Farrell J, Saloner G (1985) Standardization, compatibility, and innovation. RAND J. Econom. 16(1):70–83.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Farrell J, Saloner G (1986) Installed base and compatibility: Innovation, product preannouncements, and predation. Amer. Econom. Rev. 76(5):940–955.Google Scholar
  • Farrell J, Saloner G (1988) Coordination through committees and markets. RAND J. Econom. 19(2):235–252.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Farrell J, Saloner G (1992) Converters, compatibility, and the control of interfaces. J. Indust. Econom. 40(1):9–35.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Haines HS (1905) Restrictive Railway Legislation (MacMillan Company, New York).Google Scholar
  • Hudson CH (1887) The change of gauge of Southern railroads in 1886. Railroad Gazett 19:668, 731–733.Google Scholar
  • Hudson H (1890) The Southern Railway and Steamship Association. Quart. J. Econom. 5(1):70–94.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Joubert WH (1949) Southern Freight Rates in Transition (University of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL).Google Scholar
  • Katz ML, Shapiro C (1985) Network externalities, competition, and compatibility. Amer. Econom. Rev. 75(3):424–440.Google Scholar
  • Katz ML, Shapiro C (1986) Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities. J. Political Econom. 94(4):822–841.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Katz ML, Shapiro C (1994) Systems competition and network effects. J. Econom. Perspect. 8(2):93–115.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Knittel CR, Stango V (2008) Incompatibility, product attributes and consumer welfare: Evidence from ATMs. Adv. Econom. Anal. Policy 8(1):Article 1.Google Scholar
  • Kolko G (1965) Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Krajewski M (2014) The great lightbulb conspiracy. IEEE Spectrum (September 24), https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracy.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Li J (2019) Compatibility and investment in the U.S. electric vehicle market. Working paper, MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
  • Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. (1886) Annual report to investors 1886. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1886. Report, Bradley & Gilbert Co., Louisville, KY.Google Scholar
  • Matutes C, Regibeau P (1988) “Mix and match”: Product compatibility without network externalities. RAND J. Econom. 19(2):221–234.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Matutes C, Regibeau P (1992) Compatibility and bundling of complementary goods in a duopoly. J. Indust. Econom. 40(1):37–54.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • McHenry J (1875) Atlantic and Great Western. Railway Times 38(15):361–362.Google Scholar
  • Minnesota Population Center (2011) National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 2.0 (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis).Google Scholar
  • Mueller ML (1997) Universal Service: Competition, Interconnection and Monopoly in the Making of the American Telephone System (AEI Press, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
  • Poor HV (1851) Cincinnati and Seaboard Railways. Amer. Railroad J. 7(37):386.Google Scholar
  • Poor HV (1868) Poor’s Manual of Railroads of the United States, vol. 1882, 1884, 1886, 1888, 1890 (H. V. & H. W. Poor, New York).Google Scholar
  • Porter RH (1983) A study of cartel stability: The Joint Executive Committee, 1880–1886. Bell J. Econom. 14(2):301–314.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Prager RA (1989) Using stock price data to measure the effects of regulation: The Interstate Commerce Act and the railroad industry. RAND J. Econom. 20(2):280–290.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Puffert DJ (2009) Tracks Across Continents, Paths Through History: The Economic Dynamics of Standardization in Railway Gauge (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
  • Shapiro C, Varian HR (1999) Information Rules (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).Google Scholar
  • Southern Railway and Steamship Association (1875) Circular Letters, vol. 1–24.Google Scholar
  • Taylor GR, Neu ID (1956) The American Railroad Network, 1861–1890 (University of Illinois Press, Urbana).Google Scholar
  • Ulen TS (1979) Cartels and regulation: Late nineteenth century railroad collusion and the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Unpublished dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
  • U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor (1910) Report of the commissioner of corporations on transportation by water in the United States, Part III. Report, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
  • U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission (2007) Antitrust enforcement and intellectual property rights: Promoting innovation and competition. Report, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
  • U.S. Department of the Interior (1883) Statistical report of the railroads in the United States in 1880. Report, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
  • White JH Jr (1993) The American Railroad Freight Car (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD).Google Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.