The Private Impact of Public Data: Landsat Satellite Maps Increased Gold Discoveries and Encouraged Entry

References

• Agrawal A, Galasso A, Oettl A (2017) Roads and innovation. Rev. Econom. Statist. 99(3):417–434.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Agrawal A, Rosell C, Simcoe TS (2014) Do Tax Credits Affect R&D Expenditures by Small Firms? Evidence from Canada (National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
• Aharonson BS, Schilling MA (2016) Mapping the technological landscape: Measuring technology distance, technological footprints, and technology evolution. Res. Policy 45(1):81–96.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Arora A, Cohen WM (2015) Public support for technical advance: the role of firm size. Industry Corporate Change 24(4):791–802.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Arora A, Belenzon S, Patacconi A (2015) Killing the golden goose? The decline of science in corporate R&D. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
• Arora A, Belenzon S, Cohen W, Patacconi A (2019) Companies persist with biomedical papers. Nature 569(7756):S18–S19.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ashley RP, Goetz AFH, Rowan LC, Abrams MJ (1979). Detection and mapping of hydrothermally altered rocks in the vicinity of the Comstock Lode, Virginia Range, Nevada, using enhanced Landsat images. Technical report, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA.Google Scholar
• Azoulay P, Zivin JSG, Li D, Sampat BN (2015) Public R&D investments and private-sector patenting: Evidence from NIH funding rules. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
• Berry S, Reiss P (2007) Empirical Models of Entry and Market Structure. Handbook of Industrial Organization 3, 1845–1886 (Elsevier, New York).Google Scholar
• Bikard M, Marx M (2020) Bridging academia and industry: How geographic hubs connect university science and corporate technology. Management Sci. 66(8):3425–3443.Link, Google Scholar
• Bresnahan TF, Reiss PC (1990) Entry in monopoly market. Rev. Econom. Stud. 57(4):531–553.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brown WO, Burdekin RCK (2000) Fraud and financial markets: the 1997 collapse of the junior mining stocks. J. Econom. Bus. 52(3):277–288.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brynjolfsson E, McElheran K (2016) The rapid adoption of data-driven decision-making. Amer. Econom. Rev. 106(5):133–139.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brynjolfsson E, Hitt LM, Kim HH (2011). Strength in numbers: How does data-driven decisionmaking affect firm performance? Working paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston.Google Scholar
• Card D, Chetty R, Feldstein MS, Saez E (2010) Expanding access to administrative data for research in the United States. NSF SBE 2020 White Paper, National Science Foundation Directorate of Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences, Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
• Chevrel M, Courtois M, Weill G (1981) The SPOT satellite remote sensing mission. Photogramming Engrg. Remote Sensing 47:1163–1171.Google Scholar
• Christin A (2019) What data can do: A typology of mechanisms. Internat. J. Comm. 14:1115–1134.Google Scholar
• Cohen WM, Nelson RR, Walsh JP (2002) Links and impacts: The influence of public research on industrial R&D. Management Sci. 48(1):1–23.Link, Google Scholar
• David AP, Wright G (1997) Increasing returns and the genesis of American resource abundance. Industry Corporate Change 6(2):203–245.Crossref, Google Scholar
• David PA, Hall BH, Toole AA (2000) Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D? A review of the econometric evidence. Res. Policy 29(4):497–529.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Draeger WC, Holm TM, Lauer DT, Thompson RJ (1997) The availability of Landsat data: Past, present, and future. Photogramming Engrg. Remote Sensing 63(7):869–875.Google Scholar
• Ewens M, Nanda R, Rhodes-Kropf M (2018) Cost of experimentation and the evolution of venture capital. J. Financial Econom. 128(3):422–442.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fleming L, Sorenson O (2004) Science as a map in technological search. Strategic Management J. 25(8-9):909–928.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fleming L, Greene H, Li G, Marx M, Yao D (2019) Government-funded research increasingly fuels innovation. Science 364(6446):1139–1141.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Forman C, Goldfarb A, Greenstein S (2012) The Internet and local wages: A puzzle. Amer. Econom. Rev. 102(1):556–575.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Furman JL, Stern S (2011) Climbing atop the shoulders of giants: The impact of institutions on cumulative research. Amer. Econom. Rev. 101(5):1933–1963.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Furman JL, Nagler M, Watzinger M (2018) Disclosure and subsequent innovation: Evidence from the patent depository library program. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
• Gandhi SM, Sarkar BC (2016) Geological exploration. Gandhi SM, Sarkar BC, eds. Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation (Elsevier, New York),159–198.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goward S, Arvidson T, Williams D, Faundeen J, Irons J, Franks S (2006) Historical record of Landsat global coverage. Photogramming Engrg. Remote Sensing 72(10):1155–1169.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Graham SJ, Hancock G, Marco AC, Myers AF (2013) The USPTO trademark case files data set: Descriptions, lessons, and insights. J. Econom. Management Strategy 22(4):669–705.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hart M (2014) Gold: The Race for the World’s Most Seductive Metal (Simon and Schuster, New York).Google Scholar
• Henderson R, Cockburn I (1996) Scale, scope, and spillovers: The determinants of research productivity in drug discovery. RAND J. Econom. 27(1):32–59.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hill R, Stein C (2019) Scooped! Estimating Rewards for Priority in Science Working paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston.Google Scholar
• Howell ST (2017) Financing innovation: Evidence from R&D grants. Amer. Econom. Rev. 107(4):1136–1164.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Humphreys D (2016) The Remaking of the Mining Industry, 1st ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, UK).Google Scholar
• Jackson T (2014) Fraser Institute annual survey of mining companies. Report, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, Canada.Google Scholar
• Jayaraj S, Gittelman M (2018) Scientific Maps and Innovation: Impact of the Human Genome on Drug Discovery Working paper, Rutgers Business School, New Brunswick, NJ.Google Scholar
• Kao J (2019) Charted Territory: Evidence from Mapping the Cancer Genome and R&D Decisions in the Pharmaceutical Industry.Google Scholar
• Kleis L, Chwelos P, Ramirez RV, Cockburn I (2012) Information technology and intangible output: The impact of IT investment on innovation productivity. Inform. Systems Res. 23(1):42–59.Link, Google Scholar
• Krohn MD, Abrams MJ, Rowan LC (1978). Discrimination of hydrothermally altered rocks along the Battle Mountain-Eureka, Nevada, mineral belt using Landsat images. Technical report, US Geological Survey, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
• Lerner J (2000) The government as venture capitalist: The long-run impact of the SBIR program. J. Private Equity 3(2):55–78.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mack PE (1990) Viewing the Earth: The Social Construction of the Landsat Satellite System (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
• Mansfield E (1986) The R&D tax credit and other technology policy issues. Amer. Econom. Rev. 76(2):190–194.Google Scholar
• Manso G (2011) Motivating innovation. J. Finance 66(5):1823–1860.Crossref, Google Scholar
• March JG (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1):71–87.Link, Google Scholar
• Marco AC, Myers A, Graham SJ, D’Agostino P, Apple K (2015). The USPTO patent assignment data set: Descriptions and analysis. Working paper, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Alexandria, VA.Google Scholar
• McCahon K, Fredricksen L (2014) Fraser Institute Annual Survey of Mining Companies (Fraser Institute).Google Scholar
• Micek B (2017) How Entrepreneurs are Using Open Data to Start Businesses. Carto Blog. Accessed December 28, 2020, https://carto.com/blog/how-entrepreneurs-using-open-data-start-businesses/.Google Scholar
• Mowery DC, Rosenberg N (1999) Paths of Innovation: Technological Change in 20th-Century America (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Google Scholar
• Munnell AH (1992) Policy watch: Infrastructure investment and economic growth. J. Econom. Perspective 6(4):189–198.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nagaraj A (2017) Does copyright affect reuse? Evidence from Google Books and Wikipedia. Management Sci. 64(7):2973–3468.Google Scholar
• Nagaraj A (2020) Information seeding and knowledge production in online communities: Evidence from openstreetmap. Management Sci. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
• Nagaraj A, Stern S (2020) The economics of maps. J. Econom. Perspective 34(1):196–221.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nagaraj A, De Vaan M, Shears E (2020) Improving data access democratizes science. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117(38):23490–23498.Google Scholar
• Nelson RR (1982) The role of knowledge in R&D efficiency. Quart. J. Econom. 97(3):453–470.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ray WA (1997) Policy and program analysis using administrative databases. Ann. Internal Medicine 127(8-2):712–718.Google Scholar
• Rowan LC (1975) Application of satellites to geologic exploration: Recent experiments in two spectral regions, the visible and near-infrared and the thermal-infrared, confirm the value of satellite observations for geologic exploration of the earth. Amer. Sci. 63(4):393–403.Google Scholar
• Rowan LC, Goetz AF, Ashley RP (1977) Discrimination of hydrothermally altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images. Geophysics 42(3):522–535.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Stubbington MJ, Regev A, Teichmann SA (2017) The Human Cell Atlas: From vision to reality. NATNEWS 550(7677):451.Google Scholar
• Schodde R (2011) Recent trends in gold discovery. Presentation, NewGenGold Conference, November 23, Paydirt Media, Perth, AU.Google Scholar
• Schodde R (2015) Canada’s discovery performance and outlook. Presentation, Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) Meetings, March 3, Toronto, ON.Google Scholar
• Scotchmer S (2004) Innovation and Incentives (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
• Seamans R, Sohn E, Sands D (2017) Technological opportunity and the locus of innovation: Airmail, aircraft, and local capabilities. Working paper, New York University Stern School of Business, New York.Google Scholar
• Slade ME (2001) Valuing managerial flexibility: An application of real-option theory to mining investments. J. Environ. Econom. Management 41(2):193–233.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Spurr SH (1954) History of forest photogrammetry and aerial mapping. Photogramming Engrg. 20:551–560.Google Scholar
• Stuart TE, Podolny JM (1996) Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities. Strategic Management J. 17(S1):21–38.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ubaldi B (2013) Open government data: Toward empirical analysis of open government data initiatives. Working paper, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Paris.Google Scholar
• Verhulst S, Young A (2016) The Global Impact of Open Data (O’Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA).Google Scholar
• Vincent RK (1975) Commercial applications of geological remote sensing. Cruz JB, Pearson JB, Haddad AH, eds. Proc. Decision and Control Including the 14th Sympos. on Adapt. Processes, 1975 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Washington, DC), 258–263.Google Scholar