Capacity Rationing in Primary Care: Provider Availability Shocks and Channel Diversion

References

• Afilalo J, Marinovich A, Afilalo M, Colacone A, Leger R, Unger B, Giguere C (2004) Nonurgent emergency department patient characteristics and barriers to primary care. Acad. Emergency Medicine 11(12):1302–1310.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Allison PD (2005) Fixed Effects Regression Methods for Longitudinal Data using SAS. (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).Google Scholar
• Arvidsson E, André M, Borgquist L, Carlsson P (2010) Priority setting in primary healthcare-dilemmas and opportunities: A focus group study. BMC Family Practice 11(1):1–9.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Arvidsson E, André M, Borgquist L, Andersson D, Carlsson P (2012) Setting priorities in primary healthcare-on whose conditions? A questionnaire study. BMC Family Practice 13(1):1–8.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Balasubramanian H, Biehl S, Dai L, Muriel A (2014) Dynamic allocation of same-day requests in multi-physician primary care practices in the presence of prescheduled appointments. Health Care Management 17(1):31–48.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ballinger GA (2004) Using generalized estimating equations for longitudinal data analysis. Organ. Res. Methods 7(2):127–150.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Batt RJ, Terwiesch C (2016) Early task initiation and other load-adaptive mechanisms in the emergency department. Management Sci. 63(11):3531–3551.Link, Google Scholar
• Batt R, Bavafa H, Soltani M (2018). Quality improvement spillovers: Evidence from the hospital readmissions reduction program. Retrieved Jan 20, 2020, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3132770.Google Scholar
• Bavafa H, Terwiesch C (2019) Work after work: The impact of new service delivery models on work hours. J. Oper. Management 65(7):636–658.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bavafa H, Hitt LM, Terwiesch C (2018) The impact of e-visits on visit frequencies and patient health: Evidence from primary care. Management Sci. 64(12):5461–5480.Link, Google Scholar
• Bavafa H, Savin S, Terwiesch C (2019) Managing patient panels with non-physician providers. Prod. Oper. Management 28(6):1577–1593.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Berry Jaeker JA, Tucker AL (2016) Past the point of speeding up: The negative effects of workload saturation on efficiency and patient severity. Management Sci. 63(4):1042–1062.Link, Google Scholar
• Billings J, Parikh N, Mijanovich T (2000) Emergency department use in new york city: a substitute for primary care? Issue Brief (Commonwealth Fund) (433):1–5.Google Scholar
• Çak ic i ÖE, M ills AF (2021). On the role of teletriage in healthcare demand management. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management In press.Google Scholar
• California Healthcare Foundation 2006. Overuse of emergency departments among insured Californians. Retrieved April 12, 2021, https://www.chcf.org/publication/overuse-of-emergency-departments-among-insured-californians/. Google Scholar
• Campbell D, Frei F (2010) Cost structure, customer profitability, and retention implications of self-service distribution channels: Evidence from customer behavior in an online banking channel. Management Sci. 56(1):4–24.Link, Google Scholar
• Cecil E, Bottle A, Cowling TE, Majeed A, Wolfe I, Saxena S (2016) Primary care access, emergency department visits, and unplanned short hospitalizations in the uk. Pediatrics 137(2):e20151492.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chen C, Savva N 2018. Unintended consequences of hospital regulation: The case of the hospital readmissions reduction program. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3236983. Retrieved on May 1, 2019.Google Scholar
• Coleman EA 2010. The post-hospital follow-up visit: A physician checklist to reduce readmissions. Retrieved April 12, 2021, https://www.chcf.org/publication/the-post-hospital-follow-up-visit-a-physician-checklist-to-reduce-readmissions/. California Healthcare Foundation.Google Scholar
• Cunningham PJ, Clancy CM, Cohen JW, Wilets M (1995) The use of hospital emergency departments for nonurgent health problems: A national perspective. Medicine Care Res. Rev. 52(4):453–474.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Czarnecki A, Chong A, Lee DS, Schull MJ, Tu JV, Lau C, Farkouh ME, Ko DT (2013) Association between physician follow-up and outcomes of care after chest pain assessment in high-risk patientsclinical perspective. Circulation 127(13):1386–1394.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dai H, Milkman KL, Hofmann DA, Staats BR (2015) The impact of time at work and time off from work on rule compliance: The case of hand hygiene in healthcare. J. Appl. Psych. 100(3):846–862.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Delasay M, Ingolfsson A, Kolfal B (2016) Modeling load and overwork effects in queueing systems with adaptive service rates. Oper. Res. 64(4):867–885.Link, Google Scholar
• Deo S, Gurvich I, Park E (2014). Does limiting time on ambulance diversion reduce diversions? Signaling equilibrium and network effect. Retrieved on May 1, 2019, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2492008.Google Scholar
• Deshpande V, Cohen MA, Donohue K (2003a) An empirical study of service differentiation for weapon system service parts. Oper. Res. 51(4):518–530.Link, Google Scholar
• Deshpande V, Cohen MA, Donohue K (2003b) A threshold inventory rationing policy for service-differentiated demand classes. Management Sci. 49(6):683–703.Link, Google Scholar
• Dobson G, Hasija S, Pinker EJ (2011) Reserving capacity for urgent patients in primary care. Prod. Oper. Management 20(3):456–473.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Freeman M, Savva N, Scholtes S (2017) Gatekeepers at work: An empirical analysis of a maternity unit. Management Sci. 63(10):3147–3167.Link, Google Scholar
• GAO (2019) Veteran’s Healthcare: Opportunities Remain to Improve Appointment Scheduling within VA and through Community Care. Tech. rep. (United States Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
• Gupta D, Wang L (2008) Revenue management for a primary-care clinic in the presence of patient choice. Oper. Res. 56(3):576–592.Link, Google Scholar
• Haggerty JL, Reid RJ, Freeman GK, Starfield BH, Adair CE, McKendry R (2003) Continuity of care: A multidisciplinary review. BMJ. 327(7425):1219–1221.Crossref, Google Scholar
• HCUP (2017) Clinical classifications software (CCS) for ICD-9-CM. Retrieved May 1, 2019, www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/ccs/ccs.jsp.Google Scholar
• Healthcare Cost Institute (2018) Healthcare cost and utilization report, 2016.Retrieved May 1, 2019, https://bit.ly/2WrspoF.Google Scholar
• Hoot NR, Aronsky D (2008) Systematic review of emergency department crowding. Ann. Emergency Medicine 52(2):126–136e1.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kc DS, Terwiesch C (2009) Impact of workload on service time and patient safety: An econometric analysis of hospital operations. Management Sci. 55(9):1486–1498.Link, Google Scholar
• Kim S, Chan CW, Olivares M, Escobar G (2014) ICU admission control: An empirical study of capacity allocation and its implication for patient outcomes. Management Sci. 61(1):19–38.Link, Google Scholar
• Kuntz L, Mennicken R, Scholtes S (2014) Stress on the ward: Evidence of safety tipping points in hospitals. Management Sci. 61(4):754–771.Link, Google Scholar
• Miller BL (1969) A queueing reward system with several customer classes. Management Sci. 16(3):234–245.Link, Google Scholar
• New York Times (2013) Avoiding emergency rooms. Retrieved April 12, 2021, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/avoiding-emergency-rooms/.Google Scholar
• NYU Center for Health and Public Service Research (2012) NYU ED algorithm: Background. Retrieved May 1, 2019, http://wagner.nyu.edu/faculty/billings/nyued-background.Google Scholar
• Powell A, Savin S, Savva N (2012) Physician workload and hospital reimbursement: Overworked physicians generate less revenue per patient. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 14(4):512–528.Link, Google Scholar
• Robinson LW, Chen RR (2010) A comparison of traditional and open-access policies for appointment scheduling. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 12(2):330–346.Link, Google Scholar
• Rosen A, Loveland S, Anderson J (2003) Applying diagnostic cost groups to examine the disease burden of VA facilities: Comparing the six “evaluating VA costs” study sites with other VA sites and medicare. Medicine Care 41(6):II91–II102.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rust G, Ye J, Baltrus P, Daniels E, Adesunloye B, Fryer GE (2008) Practical barriers to timely primary care access: Impact on adult use of emergency department services. Arch. Internal Medicine 168(15):1705–1710.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sharma G, Kuo Y, Freeman JL, Zhang DD, Goodwin JS (2010) Outpatient follow-up visit and 30-day emergency department visit and readmission in patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch. Internal Medicine 170(18):1664–1670.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sin DD, Bell NR, Svenson LW, Man SF (2002) The impact of follow-up physician visits on emergency readmissions for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population-based study. Amer. J. Medicine 112(2):120–125.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Topkis DM (1968) Optimal ordering and rationing policies in a nonstationary dynamic inventory model with n demand classes. Management Sci. 15(3):160–176.Link, Google Scholar
• VHA (2011). Patient aligned care teams (PACT): Progress page. Retrieved May 1, 2019, http://www.saginaw.va.gov/docs/Patient_Aligned_Care_Team_PACT.asp.Google Scholar
• VHA (2014a) Patient aligned care team (PACT) handbook. Retrieved May 1, 2019, https://www.va.gov/vhapublications/ViewPublication.asp?pub_ID=2977.Google Scholar
• VHA (2014b) Access Audit: System-Wide Review of Access, Results of Access Audit Conducted May 12, 2014, through June 3, 2014. Tech. rep. (Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
• VHA (2020) About VHA. Retrieved July 1, 2020, http://www.va.gov/health/aboutVHA.asp.Google Scholar
• Vogel JA, Rising KL, Jones J, Bowden ML, Ginde AA, Havranek EP (2019) Reasons patients choose the emergency department over primary care: a qualitative metasynthesis. J. General Internal Medicine 34:2610–2619.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wang S, Liu N, Wan G (2020) Managing appointment-based services in the presence of walk-in customers. Management Sci. 66(2):667–686.Link, Google Scholar
• Werner RM, Canamucio A, Marcus SC, Terwiesch C (2014) Primary care access and emergency room use among older veterans. J. General Internal Medicine 29(2):689–694.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Yoon J, Cordasco KM, Chow A, Rubenstein LV (2015) The relationship between same-day access and continuity in primary care and emergency department visits. PLoS One 10(9):e0135274.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zacharias C, Armony M (2016) Joint panel sizing and appointment scheduling in outpatient care. Management Sci. 63(11):3978–3997.Link, Google Scholar
• Zacharias C, Pinedo M (2014) Appointment scheduling with no-shows and overbooking. Prod. Oper. Management 23(5):788–801.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zhang DJ, Gurvich I, Van Mieghem JA, Park E, Young RS, Williams MV (2016) Hospital readmissions reduction program: An economic and operational analysis. Management Sci. 62(11):3351–3371.Link, Google Scholar