Does Increasing the Riskiness of Choices Widen Gender Gaps?

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.04088

References

  • Almås I, Cappelen AW, Salvanes KG, Sørensen EØ, Tungodden B (2016) What explains the gender gap in college track dropout? Experimental and administrative evidence. Amer. Econom. Rev. 106(5):296–302.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Altonji JG, Blank RM (1999) Race and gender in the labor market. Ashenfelter OC, Card D, eds. Handbook of Labor Economics (Elsevier, Amsterdam), 3143–3259.Google Scholar
  • Babcock L, Laschevar S (2003) Women Don’t Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Babcock L, Laschevar S, Recalde MP, Vesterlund L, Weingart L (2017) Gender differences in accepting and receiving requests for tasks with low promotability. Amer. Econom. Rev. 107(3):714–747.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Balafoutas L, Sutter M (2012) Affirmative action policies promote women and do not harm efficiency in the laboratory. Science 335(6068):579–582.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Baldiga K (2014) Gender differences in willingness to guess. Management Sci. 60(2):434–448.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Barber BM, Odean T (2001) Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. Quart. J. Econom. 116(1):261–292.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bertrand M (2011) New perspectives on gender. Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 4 (Elsevier, New York), 1543–1590.Google Scholar
  • Blau FD, Kahn LM (2017) The gender wage gap: Extent, trends, and explanations. J. Econom. Literature 55(3):789–865.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bohren JA, Imas A, Rosenberg M (2019) The dynamics of discrimination: Theory and evidence. Amer. Econom. Rev. 109(10):3395–3436.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Borghans L, Heckman JJ, Golsteyn BHH, Meijers H (2009) Gender differences in risk aversion and ambiguity aversion. J. Eur. Econom. Assoc. 7(2–3):649–658.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bowles HR, Babcock L, Lai L (2007) Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: Sometimes it does hurt to ask. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 103(1):84–103.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Buser T, Cappelen AW, Tungodden B (2021) Fairness and willingness to compete. Preprint, submitted March 12, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3804698.Google Scholar
  • Buser T, Niederle M, Oosterbeek H (2014) Gender, competitiveness, and career choices. Quart. J. Econom. 129(3):1409–1447.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Card D, Heining J, Kline P (2013) Workplace heterogeneity and the rise of West German wage inequality. Quart. J. Econom. 128(3):967–1015.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Charness G, Gneezy U (2012) Strong evidence for gender differences in risk taking. J. Econom. Behav. Organ. 83(1):50–58.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Chen J, Roth J (2024) Logs with zeros? Some problems and solutions. Quart. J. Econom. 139(2):891–936.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Coffman KB, Klinowski D (2020) The impact of penalties for wrong answers on the gender gap in test scores. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117(16):8794–8803.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Coffman K, Collis M, Kulkarni L (2021) Stereotypes and Belief Updating (Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Coffman KB, Collis MR, Kulkarni L (2024) Whether to apply. Management Sci. 70(7):4649–4669.Google Scholar
  • Cortés P, Pan J, Pilossoph L, Reuben E, Zafar B (2023) Gender differences in job search and the earnings gap: Evidence from the field and lab. Quart. J. Econom. 138(4):2069–2126.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Croson R, Gneezy U (2009) Gender differences in preferences. J. Econom. Literature 47(2):448–474.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Currie J (2004) The take up of social benefits. NBER Working Paper No. 10488, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
  • Dohmen T, Falk A, Huffman D, Sunde U, Schupp J, Wagner GG (2011) Individual risk attitudes: Measurement, determinants, and behavioral consequences. J. Eur. Econom. Assoc. 9(3):522–550.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Exley CL, Kessler JB (2022) The gender gap in self-promotion. Quart. J. Econom. 137(3):1345–1381.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Exley CL, Nielsen K (2024) The gender gap in confidence: Expected but not accounted for. Amer. Econom. Rev. 114(3):851–885.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Falk A, Becker A, Dohmen T, Enke B, Huffman D, Sunde U (2018) Global evidence on economic preferences. Quart. J. Econom. 133(4):1645–1692.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Filippin A, Crosetto P (2016) A reconsideration of gender differences in risk attitudes. Management Sci. 62(11):3138–3160.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Flory JA, Leibbrandt A, List JA (2015) Do competitive work places deter female workers? A large-scale natural field experiment on gender differences in job-entry decisions. Rev. Econom. Stud. 82(1):122–155.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Floyd E, Tomar S, Lee DJ (2024) Making the grade (but not disclosing it): How withholding grades affects student behavior and employment. Managment Sci. 70(4):2497–2517.Google Scholar
  • Gneezy U, Niederle M, Rustichini A (2003) Performance in competitive environments: Gender differences. Quart. J. Econom. 118(3):1049–1074.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Goldin C, Rouse C (2000) Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of “blind” auditions on female musicians. Amer. Econom. Rev. 90(4):715–741.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Heckman J, Landersø R (2022) Lessons for Americans from Denmark about inequality and social mobility. Labour Econom. 77:101999.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kahneman D, Tversky A (1979) Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica 47(2):263–292.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kessler JB, Low C, Sullivan CD (2019) Incentivized resume rating: Eliciting employer preferences without deception. Amer. Econom. Rev. 109(11):3713–3744.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • l’Haridon O, Vieider FM, Aycinena D, Bandur A, Belianin A, Cingl L, Kithiyal A, et al. (2018) Off the charts: Massive unexplained heterogeneity in a global study of ambiguity attitudes. Rev. Econom. Statist. 100(4):664–677.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Landaud F, Maurin É, Willage B, Willén A (2024) The value of a high school GPA. Rev. Econom. Statist. Forthcoming.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Leibbrandt A, List JA (2015) Do women avoid salary negotiations? Evidence from a large-scale natural field experiment. Management Sci. 61(9):2016–2024.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Li CH, Zafar B (2023) Ask and you shall receive? Gender differences in regrades in college. Amer. Econom. J. Econom. Policy 15(2):359–394.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Meier S, Sprenger C (2010) Present-biased preferences and credit card borrowing. Amer. Econom. J. Appl. Econom. 2(1):193–210.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mullahy J, Norton EC (2024) Why transform y? The pitfalls of transformed regressions with a mass at zero. Oxford Bull. Econom. Statist. 86(2):417–447.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Murciano-Goroff R (2022) Missing women in tech: The labor market for highly skilled software engineers. Management Sci. 68(5):3262–3281.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Niederle M (2015) Gender (Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ).Google Scholar
  • Niederle M, Vesterlund L (2007) Do women shy away from competition? Do men compete too much? Quart. J. Econom. 122(3):1067–1101.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Olivetti C, Petrongolo B (2016) The evolution of gender gaps in industrialized countries. Annu. Rev. Econom. 8:405–434.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Quadlin N (2018) The mark of a woman’s record: Gender and academic performance in hiring. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 83(2):331–360.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Riise J, Willage B, Willén A (2022) Can female doctors cure the gender STEM gap? Evidence from exogenously-assigned general practitioners. Rev. Econom. Statist. 104(4):621–635.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Roussille N (2024) The role of the ask gap in gender pay inequality. Quart. J. Econom. 139(3):1557–1610.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Samek A (2019) Gender differences in job entry decisions: A university-wide field experiment. Management Sci. 65(7):3272–3281.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Schroyen F, Aarbu KO (2018) Attitudes towards large income risk in welfare states: An international comparison. Economica 85(340):846–872.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Small DA, Gelfand M, Babcock L, Gettman H (2007) Who goes to the bargaining table? The influence of gender and framing on the initiation of negotiation. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 93(4):600.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sutter M, Glätzle-Rützler D (2015) Gender differences in the willingness to compete emerge early in life and persist. Management Sci. 61(10):2339–23354.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Sutter M, Kocher MG, Glätzle-Rützler D, Trautmann ST (2013) Impatience and uncertainty: Experimental decisions predict adolescents’ field behavior. Amer. Econom. Rev. 103(1):510–531.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Thöni C, Volk S (2021) Converging evidence for greater male variability in time, risk, and social preferences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 118(23):e2026112118.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tungodden J, Willén A (2023) When parents decide: Gender differences in competitiveness. J. Political Econom. 131(3):751–801.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ugalde MP (2024) Gender, grade sensitivity, and major choice. https://pao1607.github.io/paolaugaldea.com/GradesGender_draft.pdf.Google Scholar
  • von Gaudecker H-M, Van Soest A, Wengström E (2011) Heterogeneity in risky choice behavior in a broad population. Amer. Econom. Rev. 101(2):664–694.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.