New Firm Survival: Institutional Explanations for New Franchisor Mortality

References

• Aldrich H., Auster E., Staw B., Cummings L. Even dwarfs started small: Liabilities of age and size and their strategic implications. Research in Organizational Behavior (1986) (8 JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 165–198Google Scholar
• Aldrich H., Fiol M. Fools rush in? The institutional context of industry creation. Acad. Management Rev. (1994) 19:645–670Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baum J., Oliver C. Institutional linkages and organizational mortality. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1991) 36:187–216Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baum J., Powell W. Cultivating an institutional ecology of organizations: Comment on Hannan, Carroll, Dundon, and Torres. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1995) 60:529–538Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bercovitz J. An analysis of the contract provisions in businessformat franchise agreements. (1997) . Unpublished ManuscriptGoogle Scholar
• Bradach J., Eccles R. Price, authority and trust: From ideal types to plural forms. Ann. Rev. Sociology (1989) 15:97–118Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brickley J., Dark F. The choice of organizational form: The case of franchising. J. Financial Econom. (1987) 18:401–420Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brickley J., Dark F., Weisbach M. The economic effects of franchise termination laws. J. Law and Econom. (1991) 34:101–132Crossref, Google Scholar
• Carney M., Gedajlovic E. Vertical integration in franchise systems: Agency theory and resource explanations. Strategic Management J. (1991) 12:607–629Crossref, Google Scholar
• Carroll G., Delacroix J. Organizational mortality in the newspaper industries of Argentina and Ireland: An ecological approach. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1982) 27:169–198Crossref, Google Scholar
• Caves R., Murphy W. Franchising: Firms, markets, and intangible assets. Southern Econom. J. (1976) 42:572–586Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chandler A.The Visible Hand (1977) (Belknap, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
• Dimaggio P., Powell W. The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1983) 48:147–160Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dunne T., Roberts M., Samuelson L. Patterns of firm entry and exit in U.S. manufacturing industries. Rand J. Econom. (1988) 19:495–515Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fama E., Jensen M. Agency problems and residual claims. J. Law Econom. (1983) 26:327–349Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fladmoe-Lindquist K., Jacques L. Control modes in international service organizations: The propensity to franchise. Management Sci. (1996) 41:1238–1249Link, Google Scholar
• Gallini N., Lutz N. Dual distribution and royalty fees in franchising. J. Law, Econom. Organ. (1992) 8:471–501Google Scholar
• Granovetter M. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. Amer. J. Sociology (1985) 91:481–510Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hannan M., Freeman J. Structural inertia and organizational change. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1984) 49:149–164Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hybels R., Moore D. On legitimacy, legitimation, and organizations: A critical review and integrative theoretical model. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings (1995) (Academy of Management, Vancouver, BC, Canada) 241–245Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ingram P., Baum J. Chain affiliation and the failure of Manhattan hotels, 1898–1980. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1997) 42:68–102Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kaufmann D. An introduction to franchising and franchise law. Franchising: Business and Legal Issues (1992) (New York State Bar Association, New York) Google Scholar
• Klein B. The economics of franchise contracts. J. Corporate Finance (1995) 2:9–37Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lafontaine F. Agency theory and franchising: Some empirical results. Rand J. Econom. (1992) 23:263–283Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lafontaine F. A critical appraisal of data sources on franchising. J. Marketing Channels (1995) 4:5–25Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lafontaine F., Kaufmann P. The evolution of ownership patterns in franchise systems. J. Retailing (1994) 70:97–113Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lafontaine F., Shaw K. The dynamics of franchise contracting: Evidence from panel data. (1996) . National Bureau of Economic Research Working paper, no. 5585Google Scholar
• Lafontaine F., Shaw K. Franchising growth and franchisor entry and exit in the U.S. market: Myth and reality. J. Bus. Venturing (1998) 13:95–112Crossref, Google Scholar
• Levinthal D. A survey of agency models of organizations. J. Econom. Behavior and Organ. (1988) 9:153–185Crossref, Google Scholar
• Martin R. Franchising and risk management. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1988) 78:954–68Google Scholar
• Meyer J., Rowan B. Institutional organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. Amer. J. Sociology (1977) 83:340–363Crossref, Google Scholar
• Norton S. An empirical look at franchising as an organizational form. J. Bus. (1988) 61:197–218Crossref, Google Scholar
• Oliver C. Strategic responses to institutional processes. Acad. Management Rev. (1991) 16:145–179Crossref, Google Scholar
• Podolny J. A status-based model of market competition. Amer. J. Sociology (1993) 98:829–872Crossref, Google Scholar
• Prescott E., Visscher M. Organizational capital. J. Political Econom. (1980) 88:446–461Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rao H. The social construction of reputation: Certification contests, legitimation, and the survival of organizations in the American automobile industry, 1895–1912. Strategic Management J. (1994) 15:29–44Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rubin P. The theory of the firm and the structure of the franchise contract. J. Law Econom. (1978) 21:223–233Crossref, Google Scholar
• Scott F. Franchising vs. company ownership as a decision variable of the firm. Rev. Indust. Organ. (1995) 10:69–81Crossref, Google Scholar
• Scott W., Meyer J., Meyer J., Scott W. The organization of societal sectors. Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality (1983) (Sage, Beverly Hills) 129–153Google Scholar
• Shane S. Hybrid organizational arrangements and their implications for firm growth and survival: A study of new franchisors. Acad. Management J. (1996) 39:216–234Crossref, Google Scholar
• Shane S. Making new franchise systems work. Strategic Management J. (1998) 19:697–707Crossref, Google Scholar
• Singh J., Lumsden C. Theory and research in organizational ecology. Annual Rev. Sociology (1990) 16:161–195Crossref, Google Scholar
• Singh J., Tucker D., House R. Organizational legitimacy and the liability of newness. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1986) 31:171–193Crossref, Google Scholar
• Stinchcombe A., March J. Social structure and organizations. Handbook of Organizations (1965) (Rand McNally, Chicago) 153–193Google Scholar
• Wiewel W., Hunter A. The interorganizational network as a resource: A comparative case study on organizational genesis. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1985) 30:482–496Crossref, Google Scholar
• Williams D. Incomplete contracting and ex-post opportunism: Evidence from franchise contract terminations. J. Bus. VenturingForthcoming inGoogle Scholar
• Williamson O.The Economic Institutions of Capitalism (1985) (The Free Press, New York) Google Scholar