Human Capital and Institutional Determinants of Information Technology Compensation: Modeling Multilevel and Cross-Level Interactions

References

• Anderson M., Banker R., Ravindran S. Executive compensation in the information technology industry. Management Sci. (2000) 46:530–547Link, Google Scholar
• Ang S., Beath C. Hierarchical elements in software contracts. J. Organ. Comput. (1993) 3:329–361Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ang S., Slaughter S., Zmud Robert. The missing context of IT personnel research. Framing the Domains of IT Management Research: Glimpsing the Future Through the Past (2000) (Pinnaflex Educational Resources, Cincinnati, OH) 305–328Google Scholar
• Argyris C.Knowledge for Action (1993) (Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA) Google Scholar
• Bailey W., Schwenk A. Wage rate variation by size of establishment. Indust. Relations (1980) 19:192–198Google Scholar
• Bamberger P., Admati-Dvir G., Harel G. Gender-based wage and promotion discrimination in Israeli high-technology firms: Do unions make a difference? Acad. Management J. (1995) 38:1744–1761Crossref, Google Scholar
• Becker G.Human Capital (1975) 2nd ed.(University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL) Google Scholar
• Belsley D., Kuh E., Welsch R.Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Collinearity (1980) (Wiley, New York) Crossref, Google Scholar
• Borjas G. Wage determination in the federal government: The role of constituents and bureaucrats. J. Political Econom. (1980) 88:1110–1147Crossref, Google Scholar
• Boyne G., Jenkins G., Poole M. Human resource management in the public and private sectors: An empirical comparison. Public Admin. (1999) 77:407–420Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brown C., Medoff J. The employer size-wage effect. J. Political Econom. (1989) 97:1027–1053Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bryk A., Raudenbush S.Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (1992) (Sage, Newbury Park, CA) Google Scholar
• Dempster A., Laird N., Rubin D. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J. Royal Statist. Soc. Series B (1977) 39:1–8Google Scholar
• Ehrenberg R., Smith R.Modern Labor Economics (1997) 7th ed.(Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA) Google Scholar
• England P.Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence (1992) (De Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY) Google Scholar
• Evans D., Leighton L. Why do smaller firms pay less? J. Human Resources (1988) 24:299–318Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fisher J., Govindarajan V. Profit center manager compensation: An examination of market, political and human capital factors. Strategic Management J. (1992) 13:205–217Crossref, Google Scholar
• Frank R. What price the moral high ground? Southern Econom. J. (1996) 63:1–17Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gerhart B., Milkovich G. T. Organizational differences in managerial compensation and financial performance. Acad. Management J. (1990) 33:663–691Crossref, Google Scholar
• Groshen E. L. Why do wages vary among employers? Economi. Rev. (1988) 24:19–38Google Scholar
• Hallock K. F., Ferris G. R. Compensation in nonprofit organizations. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (2000) 19(JAI Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) 243–294Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hamel G., Heene A.Competence-Based Competition (1994) (John Wiley and Sons, New York) Google Scholar
• Handy F., Katz E. The wage differential between nonprofit institutions and corporations: Getting more by paying less. J. Comparative Econom. (1998) 26:246–261Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hofmann D. A. An overview of the logic and rationale of hierarchical linear models. J. Management (1997) 23(6):723–744Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hofmann D. A., Gavin M. B. Centering decisions in hierarchical linear models: Implications for research in organizations. J. Management (1998) 24(5):623–641Google Scholar
• Kalleberg A. L., Buren M. E. Van. Is bigger better? Explaining the relationship between organizational size and job rewards. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1996) 61:47–66Crossref, Google Scholar
• Klein K. J., Kozlowski S. W. J. From micro to meso: Critical steps in conceptualizing and conducting multilevel research. Organ. Res. Methods (2000) 3:211–236Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kreft I., Leeuw J. de. Introducing Multilevel Modeling (1998) (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA) Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krueger A. B., Summers L. H. Efficiency wages and the inter industry wage structure. Econometrica (1988) 56:259–293Crossref, Google Scholar
• Leontaridi M. R. Segmented labor markets: Theory and evidence. J. Econom. Surveys (1998) 12:63–101Google Scholar
• Mellow W. Employer size and wages. Rev. Econom. Statist. (1982) 64:495–501Crossref, Google Scholar
• Meyer M. W., Staw B. M., Cummings L. L. Bureaucratic versus profit organization. Research in Organizational Behavior (1982) 4(JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 89–125Google Scholar
• Mincer J. The distribution of labor incomes. J. Econom. Literature (1970) 8:1–26Google Scholar
• Mincer J., Polachek S. Family investments in human capital: Earnings of women. J. Political Econom. (1974) 82:S76–S108Crossref, Google Scholar
• Morrisey M. A., Wedig G. J., Hassan M. Do nonprofit hospitals pay their way? Health Affairs (1996) 15(4):132–144Crossref, Google Scholar
• Oi W. Y., Triplett J. E. The fixed employment costs of specialized labor. The Measurement of Labor Cost (1983) (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL) Google Scholar
• Palmer J. W., Griffith D. A. Information intensity: A paradigm for understanding web site design. J. Marketing Theory and Practice (1998) 6(3):38–42Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pfeffer J., Baron J., Staw B. M., Cummings L. L. Taking the workers back out: Recent trends in the structuring of employment. Research in Organizational Behavior (1988) 10(JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 257–303Google Scholar
• Preston A. E. The nonprofit worker in a for-profit world. J. Labor Econom. (1989) 7(4):438–463Crossref, Google Scholar
• Raudenbush S. W., Bryk A. S., Cheong Y. F., Congdon R. T.HLM 5: Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling (2000) (Scientific Software International, Lincolnwood, IL) Google Scholar
• Rawls J. R., Ullrich R. A., Nelson O. T. A comparison of managers entering or reentering the profit and nonprofit sectors. Acad. Management J. (1975) 18:616–623Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reder M. W. Theory of occupational wage differentials. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1955) 45:833–852Google Scholar
• Roomkin M. J., Weisbrod B. A. Managerial compensation and incentives in for-profit and nonprofit hospitals. J. Law, Econom. Organ. (1999) 15(3):750–781Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ruhm C., Borkoski C.Compensation in the Nonprofit Sector (2000) . Working paper No. W 7562, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MAGoogle Scholar
• Segal M. Post-institutionalism in labor economics: The forties and fifties revisited. Indust. Labor Relations Rev. (1986) 39:388–403Crossref, Google Scholar
• Shapiro C., Stiglitz J. E. Equilibrium unemployment as a worker discipline device. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1984) 74:433–444Google Scholar
• Stephens M. A.Goodness of Fit Techniques (1986) (M. Dekker, New York) Google Scholar
• Stewman S., Konda S. L. Careers and organizational labor markets: Demographic models of organizational behavior. Amer. J. Sociology (1983) 88:637–685Crossref, Google Scholar
• Stinchcombe A. L., Heimer C. A., Bacharach S. B. Inter-organizational relations and careers in computer software firms. Research in the Sociology of Work (1988) 4(JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 179–204Google Scholar
• Stroth L. K., Brett J. M., Baumann J. P., Reilly A. H. Agency theory and variable pay compensation strategies. Acad. of Management J. (1996) 39:751–767Crossref, Google Scholar
• Talmor E., Wallace J. S. Computer industry executives: An analysis of the new barons' compensation. Inform. Systems Res. (1998) 9(4):398–414Link, Google Scholar
• Tesluk P. E., Jacobs R. R. Toward an integrated model of work experience. Personnel Psych. (1998) 51:321–355Crossref, Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of CommerceAmerica's New Deficit: The Shortage of Information Technology Workers (1998) (Office of Technology Policy, Washington D.C.) Google Scholar
• Villemez W. J., Bridges W. P. When bigger is better: Differences in the individual-level effect of firm and establishment size. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1988) 53:237–255Crossref, Google Scholar