Does Multitasking Improve Performance? Evidence from the Emergency Department

References

• Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Sochalski J, Silber JH (2002) Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. J. Amer. Medical Assoc. 288(16):1987–1993.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Allahverdi A, Gupta JND, Aldowaisan T (1999) A review of scheduling research involving setup considerations. Omega 27(2):219–239.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Allport A, Styles EA, Hsieh S (1994) Shifting intentional set: Exploring the dynamic control of tasks. Umiltà C, Moscovitch M, eds. Attention and Performance XV (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), 421–452.Google Scholar
• Aral S, Brynjolfsson E, Van Alstyne M (2012) Information, technology, and information worker productivity. Inform. Systems Res. 23(3):849–867.Link, Google Scholar
• Baddeley AD, Hitch GJ (1994) Developments in the concept of working memory. Neuropsychology 8(4):485.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bendoly E, Croson R, Goncalves P, Schultz K (2009) Bodies of knowledge for research in behavioral operations. Production Oper. Management 19(4):434–452.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Charron S, Koechlin E (2010) Divided representation of concurrent goals in the human frontal lobes. Science 328(5976):360–363.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chisholm CD, Collison EK, Nelson DR, Cordell WH (2000) Emergency department workplace interruptions are emergency physicians interrupt-driven?and multitasking? Acad. Emergency Medicine 7(11):1239–1243.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chisholm CD, Collison EK, Nelson DR, Cordell WH (2001) Emergencywork interrupted. A comparison of workplace interruptions in emergency departments and primary care offices. Ann. Emergency Medicine 38(2):146–151.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Crocker J (2006) How to improve your revenue cycle processes in a clinic or physician practice. AHIMA's 78th Natl. Convention and Exhibit Proc., October 2006.Google Scholar
• Croskerry P, Shapiro M, Campbell S, LeBlanc C, Sinclair D, Wren P, Marcoux M (2004) Profiles in patient safety: Medication errors in the emergency department. Acad. Emergency Medicine 11(3):289–299.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Denning PJ (1971) Third generation computer systems. ACM Comput. Surveys 3(4):175–216.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Edwards M, Gronlund S (1998) Task interruption and its effects on memory. Memory 6(6):665–687.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gino F, Pisano G (2008) Toward a theory of behavioral operations. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 10(4):676–691.Link, Google Scholar
• Gladstones WH, Regan MA, Lee RB (1989) Division of attention: The single-channel hypothesis revisited. Quart. J. Experiment. Psych. 41(1):1–17.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hackman JR, Oldham GR (1976) Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organ. Behav. Human Performance 16(2): 250–279.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hallowell EM (2005) Overloaded circuits: Why smart people underperform. Harvard Bus. Rev. 83(1):54–62.Google Scholar
• Hasija S, Pinker E, Shumsky RA (2010) OM practice—Work expands to fill the time available: Capacity estimation and staffing under Parkinson's law. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 12(1):1–18.Link, Google Scholar
• Holmstrom B, Milgrom P (1991) Multitask principal–agent analyses: Incentive contracts, asset ownership, and job design. J. Law, Econom., Organ. 7:24–52.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hoshino LC, Goel V, Raymont V, Grafman J (2006) Assessing the problem-solving abilities of patients with frontal lobe lesions using a real world travel planning task. Working paper, York University, Toronto.Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine (2006) Hospital based emergency care: At the breaking point. Future of emergency care. Report, National Academies Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
• KC DS, Terwiesch C (2009) Impact of workload on service time and patient safety: An econometric analysis of hospital operations. Management Sci. 55(9):1486–1498.Link, Google Scholar
• KC DS, Terwiesch C (2012) An econometric analysis of patient flows in the cardiac intensive care unit. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 14(1):50–65.Link, Google Scholar
• Khare RK, Powell ES, Reinhardt G, Lucenti M (2009) Adding more beds to the emergency department or reducing admitted patient boarding times: Which has a more significant influence on emergency department congestion? Ann. Emergency Medicine 53(5):575–585.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krishnan V, Eppinger SD, Whitney DE (1997) A model-based framework to overlap product development activities. Management Sci. 43(4):437–451.Link, Google Scholar
• Kuntz L, Mennicken R, Scholtes S (2013) Stress on the ward: Evidence of safety tipping points in hospitals. Working paper, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.Google Scholar
• Levinthal D, Rerup C (2006) Crossing an apparent chasm: Bridging mindful and less-mindful perspectives on organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 17(4):502–513.Link, Google Scholar
• Lin L (2009) Breadth-biased versus focused cognitive control in media multitasking behaviors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106(37):15521–15522.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lupien SJ, Maheu F, Tu M, Fiocco A, Schramek TE (2007) The effects of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition. Brain and Cognition 65(3):209–237.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mayer RE, Moreno R (2003) Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychologist 38(1):43–52.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McEwen BS (2002) The End of Stress As We Know It (Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
• Narayanan S, Balasubramanian S, Swaminathan JM (2009) A matter of balance: Specialization, task variety, and individual learning in a software maintenance environment. Management Sci. 55(11):1861–1876.Link, Google Scholar
• Needleman J, Buerhaus PI, Stewart M, Zelevinsky K, Mattke S (2006) Nurse staffing in hospitals: Is there a business case for quality? Health Affairs 25(1):204–211.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Oliva R, Sterman JD (2001) Cutting corners and working overtime: Quality erosion in the service industry. Management Sci. 47(7):894–914.Link, Google Scholar
• Ophir E, Nass C, Wagner AD (2009) Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106(37):15583–15587.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Parekh AK, Gallager RG (1993) A generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks: The single-node case. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 1(3): 344–357.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pashler H (1989) Dissociations and dependencies between speed and accuracy: Evidence for a two-component theory of divided attention in simple tasks. Cognitive Psych. 21(4):469–514.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pashler H (1994) Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory. Psych. Bull.; Psych. Bull. 116(2):220–244.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pashler H (2000) Task switching and multitask performance. Monsell S, Driver J, eds. Control of Cognitive Processes, Vol. XVIII (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) 277–308.Google Scholar
• Pennebaker R (2009) The mediocre multitasker. New York Times (August 29), http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/weekinreview/30pennebaker.html.Google Scholar
• Powell A, Savin S, Savva N (2012) Physician workload and hospital reimbursement: Overworked physicians generate less revenue per patient. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 14(4): 512–528.Link, Google Scholar
• Powell SG, Schultz KL (2004) Throughput in serial lines with state-dependent behavior. Management Sci. 50(8):1095–1105.Link, Google Scholar
• Rubinstein JS, Meyer DE, Evans JE (2001) Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching. J. Experiment. Psych.: Human Perception and Performance 27(4):763–797.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Salamon J (2008) Hospital: Man, Woman, Birth, Death, Infinity, Plus Red Tape, Bad Behavior, Money, God, and Diversity on Steroids (Penguin Press HC, New York).Google Scholar
• Schultz KL, Juran DC, Boudreau JW (1999) The effects of low inventory on the development of productivity norms. Management Sci. 45(12):1664–1678.Link, Google Scholar
• Schultz KL, McClain JO, Thomas LJ (2003) Overcoming the dark side of worker flexibility. J. Oper. Management 21(1):81–92.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Smith A (1776) The Wealth of Nations. [Reprint 1937, Modern Library, New York.]Google Scholar
• Speier C, Valacich JS, Vessey I (1999) The influence of task interruption on individual decision making: An information overload perspective. Decision Sci. 30(2):337–360.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Staats BR, Gino F (2012) Specialization and variety in repetitive tasks: Evidence from a Japanese bank. Management Sci. 58(6):1141–1159.Link, Google Scholar
• Taylor FW (1914) The Principles of Scientific Management (Harper, New York).Google Scholar
• Tucker AL, Edmondson AC (2003) Why hospitals don't learn from failures: Organizational and psychological dynamics that inhibit system change. California Management Rev. 45(2):55–72.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tucker AL, Spear SJ (2006) Operational failures and interruptions in hospital nursing. Health Services Res. 41(3, part 1):643–662.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Vega V, McCracken K, Nass C (2008) Multitasking effects on visual working memory, working memory and executive control. Presentation, Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, May 22, Montreal.Google Scholar