The Car Sharing Economy: Interaction of Business Model Choice and Product Line Design
Published Online:23 Feb 2017https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2016.0605
References
- (2016) The potential of servicizing as a green business model. Management Sci., ePub ahead of print April 20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2399.Link, Google Scholar
- (2012) Is leasing greener than selling? Management Sci. 58(3):523–533.Link, Google Scholar
- (2012) Optimizing organic waste to energy operations. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 14(2):231–244.Link, Google Scholar
- (2015) Electric vehicles with a switching station: Adoption and environmental impact. Management Sci. 61(4):772–794.Link, Google Scholar
- (2010) The effects of driving style and vehicle performance on the real-orld fuel consumption of US light-duty vehicles. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- (1995) Automobile prices in market equilibrium. Econometrica 63(4):841–890.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Pricing for environmental compliance in the auto industry. Interfaces 36(2):118–125.Link, Google Scholar
- (1980) The effect of fuel economy standards on the U.S. automotive market: An hedonic demand analysis. Transportation Res. Part A: General 14(5):367–378.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Steve case on Avis, Zipcar, and the sharing economy. Businessweek (January 2) http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-02/with-zipcar-avis-backs-steve-cases-sharing-economy.Google Scholar
- Car2Go (2016) Hop in and drive. Accessed September 12, 2016, http://www.car2go.com.Google Scholar
- (2007) City CarShare: Longer-term travel demand and car ownership impacts. Transp. Res. Record 1992(1):70–80.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Contracting in medical equipment maintenance services: An empirical investigation. ESMT Working Paper 14-05, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.Google Scholar
- (2001) Design for the environment: A quality-based model for green product development. Management Sci. 47(2):250–263.Link, Google Scholar
- Consumer Reports (2015) Ratings by Trim. Accessed June 30, 2015, http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/chevrolet-equinox-ratings.htm.Google Scholar
- (2001) Shared-savings contracts for indirect materials in supply chains: Channel profits and environmental impacts. Management Sci. 47(7):881–893.Link, Google Scholar
- (2005) Optimal shared-savings contracts in supply chains: Linear contracts and double moral Hazard. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 163(3):653–667.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Carbon tariffs: Effects in settings with technology choice and foreign comparative advantage. Working Paper 13-021, Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
- (2013) FAQ: New corporate average fuel economy standards (September 9), http://edmu.in/sbAP2z.Google Scholar
- (2015) A comparison of product take-back compliance schemes. Production Oper. Management 24(1):71–88.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) How GM’s Maven car sharing service got to over 4.2M miles driven in 7 months. TechCrunch (August 24), http://tcrn.ch/2bhTC0L.Google Scholar
- (2000) Leasing: A Step Towards Producer Responsibility (INFORM, Inc., New York).Google Scholar
- Ford (2015) Mobility experiment: FORD carsharing, Germany. Accessed July 6, 2015, https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2015/01/06/mobility-experiment-ford-charsharing-germany.html.Google Scholar
- (2005) Zipcar: Influencing customer behavior. Case Study 9-605-054, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
- (2013) OM forum-business model innovation for sustainability. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 15(4):537–544.Link, Google Scholar
- (2010) How consumers value fuel economy: A literature review. Technial report, U.S. EPA, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P1006V0O.TXT.Google Scholar
- (2016) Service competition and product quality in the U.S. automobile industry. Management Sci. 62(7):1860–1877.Link, Google Scholar
- (2012) Impact of performance-based contracting on product reliability: An empirical analysis. Management Sci. 58(5):961–979.Link, Google Scholar
- (2016) Carmaker + Ridesharing roundup. TechCrunch (July 7), http://tcrn.ch/29lH5s5.Google Scholar
- (2017) Service region design for urban electric vehicle sharing systems. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 9(2):309–327.Link, Google Scholar
- (2015) Design implications of extended producer responsibility for durable products. Georgia Tech Scheller College of Business Research Paper No. 2015-17, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
- International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) (2015) European vehicle market statistics. Accessed December 12, 2015, http://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_EU-pocketbook_2015.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2015) Vehicle scrappage and gasoline policy. Amer. Econom. Rev. 105(3):1312–1338.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Bike share systems: Accessibility and availability. Chicago Booth Research Paper 15-04, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.Google Scholar
- (2007) Performance contracting in after-sales service supply chains. Management Sci. 53(12):1843–1858.Link, Google Scholar
- (2009) Automobiles on steroids: Product attribute trade-offs and technological progress in the automobile sector. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- (2013) Replacement decisions for potentially hazardous substances. Production Oper. Management 22(4):958–975.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1999) Does leasing improve end of product life management? J. Ind. Ecol. 3(4):10–13.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Toward mass adoption of electric vehicles: Impacts of the range and resale anxieties. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 17(1):101–119.Link, Google Scholar
- Maven (2016) Let’s DRIVE. Accessed September 12, 2016, https://www.mavendrive.com.Google Scholar
- (2004) A study of fuel efficiency and emission policy impact on optimal vehicle design decisions. J. Mech. Design 126(6):1062–1070.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) TCRP Report 108: Car-Sharing: Where and How It Succeeds (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
- (1988) Product and price competition in a duopoly. Marketing Sci. 7(2):141–168.Link, Google Scholar
- (1992) Market segmentation, cannibalization, and the timing of product introductions. Management Sci. 38(3):345–359.Link, Google Scholar
- Mu (2016) Mu by Peugeot. Accessed September 12, 2016, http://www.peugeot.com/en/products-services/services/mu-by-peugeot.Google Scholar
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (2014) Summary of fuel efficiency performance. Accessed June 9, 2015, http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/rulemaking/pdf/cafe/Performance-summary-report-12152014-v2.pdf.Google Scholar
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (2016) CAFE-fuel fconomy. Accessed September 12, 2016, http://www.nhtsa.gov/fuel-economy.Google Scholar
- National Research Council (2015) Cost, Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles (National Academy Press, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
- Navigant Research (2013) Carsharing programs. Accessed October 24, 2015, http://www.navigantresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/CSHP-13-Executive-Summary.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2007) Product line design and production technology. Marketing Sci. 26(1):101–117.Link, Google Scholar
- (2015) How Ford’s chief became a tech CEO. Fortune (April 24), http://for.tn/1zRrAPC?xid=for_tw_sh.Google Scholar
- (2009) Effects of E-waste regulation on new product introduction. Management Sci. 55(3):333–347.Link, Google Scholar
- PRNewswire (2014) car2go reaches 1,000,000 members, marking its spot as the largest carsharing company in the world. Accessed September 12, 2016, http://goo.gl/ubv2Bv. Google Scholar
- Program on International Policy Attitudes (2006) U.S. public favors raising auto fuel efficiency (CAFE) standards. Accessed May 20, 2016, http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/10566.Google Scholar
- Quicar (2016) Quicar-share a Volkswagen. Accessed September 12, 2016, https://thinkblue.volkswagen.com/en_US/blue_projects/germany_car_sharing.Google Scholar
- ReachNow (2016) What car sharing should be. Accessed September 12, 2016, http://www.reachnow.com/cars.Google Scholar
- (2016) Mitsubishi: We’ve been cheating on fuel tests for 25 years. CNNMoney (April 26), http://cnnmon.ie/1rwMCFZ.Google Scholar
- (2007) Sustainability through servicizing. MIT Sloan Management Rev. 48(2):83–91.Google Scholar
- (2015) Innovative mobility carsharing outlook. Accessed October 24, 2015, http://innovativemobility.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Summer-2015-Carsharing-Outlook_Final-1.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2015) Clash looms over fuel economy standard. Wall Street Journal (January 13), http://on.wsj.com/1Bkhw5d.Google Scholar
- Statista (2016) Car sharing services ranked by number of customers in Germany in 2015. Accessed September 12, 2016, http://www.statista.com/statistics/415307/car-sharing-companies-by-customer-numbers-germany/.Google Scholar
- (2009) Product design and supply chain coordination under extended producer responsibility. Production Oper. Management 18(3):259–277.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Volkswagen to pay $14.7 billion to settle diesel claims in U.S. New York Times (June 27), https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/business/volkswagen-settlement-diesel-scandal.html?smid=tw-share&_r=0.Google Scholar
- (2008) Contracting for servicizing. Research Paper 08-063, Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
- (2000) Inventory management of remanufacturable products. Management Sci. 46(11):1412–1426.Link, Google Scholar
- U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) (2012) 2017 and later model year light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions and corporate average fuel economy standards; final rule. Federal Register 77(199):62624–63172.Google Scholar
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2009) “Green servicizing” for a more sustainable US economy. Accessed September 12, 2016, https://archive.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/tools/stewardship/web/pdf/green-service.pdf.Google Scholar
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2012) EPA and NHTSA set standards to reduce greenhouse gases and improve fuel economy for model years 2017–2025 cars and light trucks. Accessed September 12, 2016, http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/climate/documents/420f12051.pdf.Google Scholar
- U.S. News (2015) Chevrolet large cars. Accessed June 30, 2015, http://usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/cars-trucks/browse/chevrolet+large-cars/.Google Scholar
- (1984) Open and closed models for networks of queues. AT&T Bell Lab. Tech. J. 63(9):1911–1979.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Theory of Ground Vehicles (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ).Google Scholar
- Zipcar (2015) Zipcar green: How car sharing helps the environment. Accessed June 12, 2015, http://fw.to/USyYaUL.Google Scholar
- Zipcar (2016) Zipcar drives past million member milestone. Accessed September 12, 2016, http://www.zipcar.com/press/releases/millionmembers.Google Scholar

