Frontiers in Operations: Battery as a Service: Flexible Electric Vehicle Battery Leasing
References
- (2021) Adoption of electric vehicles in car sharing market. Production Oper. Management 30(1):190–209.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022a) The role of dealer demonstration in the adoption of electric vehicles. Working paper, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
- (2022b) Non-ownership business models for solar energy. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 24(4):2048–2063.Link, Google Scholar
- (2015) Electric vehicles with a battery switching station: Adoption and environmental impact. Management Sci. 61(4):772–794.Link, Google Scholar
- (2009) Pricing software upgrades: The role of product improvement and user costs. Production Oper. Management 18(5):560–580.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) The design and introduction of product lines when consumer valuations are uncertain. Production Oper. Management 23(9):1539–1548.Crossref, Google Scholar
- BloombergNEF (2020) Battery pack prices cited below $100/kWh for the first time in 2020, while market average sits at $137/kWh. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://about.bnef.com/blog/battery-pack-prices-cited-below-100-kwh-for-the-first-time-in-2020-while-market-average-sits-at-137-kwh/.Google Scholar
- BloombergNEF (2022) Lithium-ion battery pack prices rise for first time to an average of $151/kWh. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://about.bnef.com/blog/lithium-ion-battery-pack-prices-rise-for-first-time-to-an-average-of-151-kwh/.Google Scholar
- (2015) Servitization and competitive advantage: The importance of organizational structure and value chain position. Res. Tech. Management 58(5):53–60.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Product performance based business models: A service based perspective. 2012 45th Hawaii Internat. Conf. System Sci. (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ), 4814–4819.Google Scholar
- (2016) The impact of demand uncertainty on consumer subsidies for green technology adoption. Management Sci. 62(5):1235–1258.Link, Google Scholar
- (2022) How much CO2 is emitted by manufacturing batteries? Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-much-co2-emitted-manufacturing-batteries.Google Scholar
- (2022) SUN Mobility to almost triple EV battery-swapping network. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.deccanherald.com/business/sun-mobility-to-almost-triple-ev-battery-swapping-network-1166900.html.Google Scholar
- (2022) CATL launches its first four EVOGO battery swap stations in China. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://electrek.co/2022/04/20/catl-launches-its-first-four-evogo-battery-swap-stations-in-china/.Google Scholar
- (2010) Sustainable transportation based on electric vehicle concepts: A brief overview. Energy Environ. Sci. 3(6):689–699.Crossref, Google Scholar
- EIA (2021) Energy and the environment explained: Where greenhouse gases come from. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/energy-and-the-environment/where-greenhouse-gases-come-from.php.Google Scholar
- (2008) Effect of service transition strategies on firm value. J. Marketing 72(5):1–14.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) Tesla model 3 battery size. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://getjerry.com/car-repair/tesla-model-3-battery-size#tesla-model-3-battery-size-range-and-charging-specs.Google Scholar
- (2023) EV battery swapper Ample lands major grant. Forbes (February 28), https://www.forbes.com/sites/edgarsten/2023/02/28/ev-battery-swapper-ample-lands-major-grant/.Google Scholar
- Gogoro (2021) Gogoro announces 400,000 monthly battery swapping subscribers; surpasses 200 million battery swaps. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.gogoro.com/news/400k-gogoro-network-subscribers/.Google Scholar
- Gogoro (2023) Battery lease payment plan (in Chinese). Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://network.gogoro.com/tw/riding-plans/.Google Scholar
- (2012) Impact of performance-based contracting on product reliability: An empirical analysis. Management Sci. 58(5):961–979.Link, Google Scholar
- (2019) Your Uber is arriving: Managing on-demand workers through surge pricing, forecast communication, and worker incentives. Management Sci. 65(5):1995–2014.Abstract, Google Scholar
- (2021) Charging an electric vehicle-sharing fleet. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 23(2):471–487.Abstract, Google Scholar
- (2022) Electric vehicles are here and large-scale adoption is … near? McKinsey (November 29), https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/electric-vehicles-are-here-and-large-scale-adoption-is-near.Google Scholar
- (2017) Open or closed? Technology sharing, supplier investment, and competition. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 19(1):132–149.Link, Google Scholar
- (2022) Surge pricing and two-sided temporal responses in ride hailing. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 24(1):91–109.Link, Google Scholar
- IEA (2021) Global EV outlook. Retrieved December 1, 2023, www.iea.org.Google Scholar
- IEA (2022) The role of critical minerals in clean energy transitions. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions.Google Scholar
- (2022) Effects of on-demand product adjustments on firm’s pricing and product strategies. Production Oper. Management 31(3):1252–1270.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2018) Electric vehicle virtual power plant dilemma: Grid balancing vs. customer mobility. Production Oper. Management 27(11):2054–2070.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2021) NIO announces 150 kWh solid-state batteries for 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://insideevs.com/news/465188/nio-150-kwh-solid-state-batteries-2022/.Google Scholar
- (2022) Car giants are making big bets on solid state batteries. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Car-Giants-Are-Making-Big-Bets-On-Solid-State-Batteries.html.Google Scholar
- (2020) Investments in renewable and conventional energy: The role of operational flexibility. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 22(5):925–941.Link, Google Scholar
- (2022) Factbox: Swapping electric car batteries since the Gilded Age. Reuters (March 24), https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/swapping-electric-car-batteries-since-gilded-age-2022-03-24/.Google Scholar
- (2015) Toward mass adoption of electric vehicles: Impact of the range and resale anxieties. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 17(1):101–119.Link, Google Scholar
- (2013) Infrastructure planning for electric vehicles with battery swapping. Management Sci. 59(7):1557–1575.Link, Google Scholar
- (2016) Analysis of parameters influencing electric vehicle range. Procedia Engrg. 134:165–174.Crossref, Google Scholar
- NIO (2020) NIO launches battery as a service. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.nio.com/news/nio-launches-battery-service.Google Scholar
- NIO (2021a) NIO achieves annual target of 700 battery swap stations ahead of schedule. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.nio.com/news/nio-achieves-annual-target-700-battery-swap-stations-ahead-schedule.Google Scholar
- NIO (2021b) NIO announces NIO Power 2025 battery swap station deployment plan. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.nio.com/news/nio-announces-nio-power-2025-battery-swap-station-deployment-plan.Google Scholar
- NIO (2022a) NIO delivers 10,489 vehicles in December and 91,429 for the full year. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.nio.com/news/nio-delivers-10489-vehicles-december-and-91429-full-year.Google Scholar
- NIO (2022b) NIO EC6. Retrieved December 1, 2023, www.nio.cn/ec6.Google Scholar
- NIO (2023) NIO’s battery swapping statistics during 2023 Chinese New Year Holiday. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://app.nio.com/content/1282183835.Google Scholar
- (2019) Is servicization a win-win strategy? Profitability and environmental implications of servicization. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 21(3):674–691.Link, Google Scholar
- (2019) Ensuring corporate social and environmental responsibility through vertical integration and horizontal sourcing. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 21(2):417–434.Link, Google Scholar
- (2010) Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Power Sources, Models, Sustainability, Infrastructure and the Market (Elsevier, Amsterdam).Google Scholar
- (2013) Better place was supposed to revolutionize electric cars. What went wrong? Washington Post (March 6), https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/03/06/better-place-was-supposed-to-revolutionize-electric-cars-what-went-wrong/.Google Scholar
- (2022) High prices, range anxiety holding back EV adoption. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.statista.com/chart/27974/reasons-for-not-buying-an-electric-vehicle/.Google Scholar
- (2018) Optimization of battery charging and purchasing at electric vehicle battery swap stations. Transportation Sci. 52(5):1211–1234.Link, Google Scholar
- (2022a) Pricing and producing green products under subsidy termination and coopetition. Preprint, submitted November 21, https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4266514.Google Scholar
- (2022b) Promoting electric vehicles: Reducing charging inconvenience and price via station and consumer subsidies. Production Oper. Management 31(12):4333–4350.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Extended range electric vehicle driving and charging behavior observed early in the EV project. SAE technical paper, Warrendale, PA.Google Scholar
- SUN Mobility (2023) State-of-the-art energy infrastructure solutions. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.sunmobility.com/technology.html.Google Scholar
- Suzan (2020) NIO to spend 100 million yuan to build “BaaS”, so how exactly BaaS it? Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/nio/nio-to-spend-100-million-yuan-to-build-baas-so-how-exactly-baas-it//.Google Scholar
- The White House (2021) Fact sheet: President Biden announces steps to drive American leadership forward on clean cars and trucks. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/08/05/.Google Scholar
- (2015) Beijing passenger car travel survey: Implications for alternative fuel vehicle deployment. Mitigation Adaptation Strategies Global Change 20(5):817–835.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) European plan to ban new ICE cars by 2035 irks manufacturers, inspires environmentalists. Forbes (June 9), https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilwinton/2022/06/09/european-plan-to-ban-new-ice-cars-by-2035-irks-manufacturers-inspires-environmentalists/.Google Scholar
- (2000) Go downstream: The new profit imperative in manufacturing. IEEE Engrg. Management Rev. 28(1):89–96.Google Scholar
- (2022) Smart charging of electric vehicles: An innovative business model for utility firms. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 24(5):2481–2499.Link, Google Scholar
- (2022) Coordinating installation of electric vehicle charging stations between governments and automakers. Production Oper. Management 31(2):681–696.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) NIO to allow owners to swap battery packs for different capacity in China. Retrieved December 1, 2023, https://cnevpost.com/2022/10/27/nio-to-allow-owners-to-swap-battery-packs-for-different-capacity-in-china/.Google Scholar
- (2021) On the values of vehicle-to-grid electricity selling in electric vehicle sharing. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 23(2):488–507.Abstract, Google Scholar

