Reducing Overdose Deaths and Mitigating County Disparities: Optimal Allocation of Substance Use Treatment Centers
Published Online:12 Mar 2025https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0963
References
- (2017) A survey of healthcare facility location. Comput. Oper. Res. 79:223–263.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) Fair resource allocation: Using welfare-based dominance constraints. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 297(2):560–578.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2021) Balancing equity and efficiency in the allocation of health resources—Where is the middle ground? Healthcare 9(1257).Crossref, Google Scholar
- Ascension Recovery Services (2022) How much capital do you need to open an addiction center? Accessed March 2, 2025, https://www.ascensionrs.com/the-climb/the-cost-of-opening-an-addiction-treatment-center.Google Scholar
- (2023) Optimizing substance use treatment selection using reinforcement learning. ACM Trans. Management Inform. Systems 14(2):1–30.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) On the efficiency-fairness trade-off. Management Sci. 58(12):2234–2250.Link, Google Scholar
- (2018) Substance abuse treatment centers and local crime. J. Urban Econom. 104:124–133.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2021) Using constrained optimization for the allocation of covid-19 vaccines in the Philippines. Appl. Health Econom. Health Policy 19(5):699–708.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024) Quarterly census of employment and wages. Accessed November 27, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/cew/downloadable-data-files.htm.Google Scholar
- Cleveland Clinic (2024) Substance use disorder. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16652-drug-addiction-substance-use-disorder-sud.Google Scholar
- (2020) Certificate of need laws: A systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. BMC Health Services Res. 20(1):1–29.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Hospitals, market share, and consolidation. JAMA 310(18):1964–1970.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Mental health parity legislation, cost-sharing and substance-abuse treatment admissions. Health Econom. 20(2):161–183.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Resource allocation for health equity: Issues and methods. Accessed March 8, 2025, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/451071468762912145/pdf/315940HNP0Chap1enRAforHlthEqtyFinal.pdf.Google Scholar
- Drug Enforcement Agency (2024) Arcos retail drug summary reports. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://deadiversion.usdoj.gov/arcos/retail_drug_summary/arcos-drug-summary-reports.html.Google Scholar
- Drug Rehab Agency (2022) Startup cost for an outpatient rehab center. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://www.drugrehab.agency/addiction-marketing-blog/startup-cost-outpatient-rehab.Google Scholar
- (1983) Smearing estimate: A nonparametric retransformation method. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 78(383):605–610.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Rural substance use treatment centers in the U.S.: An assessment of treatment quality by location. Amer. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 41(5):449–457.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Crowd out effects of place-based subsidized rental housing: New evidence from the LIHTC program. J. Public Econom. 94(11–12):953–966.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) On the equity-efficiency trade-off in food-bank network operations. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 74(12):2493–2514.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Behavioral health parity and the affordable care act. J. Soc. Work Disability Rehabilitation 13(1–2):31–43.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2024) How to open a private medical practice. Business News Daily (January 16), https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/8910-opening-a-medical-practice.html.Google Scholar
- (2005) A research agenda for economic evaluation of substance abuse services. J. Substance Abuse Treatment 29(2):125–137.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) A structured instrument for estimating the economic cost of drug abuse treatment: The drug abuse treatment cost analysis program (DATCAP). J. Substance Abuse Treatment 14(5):445–455.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) Impact of the covid-19 pandemic on opioid overdose deaths: A spatiotemporal analysis. J. Urban Health 99(2):316–327.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1987) A mathematical programming approach to elementary school facility decisions. Socio-Econom. Planning Sci. 21(6):395–401.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) Hospital physicians can’t get no long-term satisfaction—An indicator for fairness in preference fulfillment on duty schedules. Health Care Management Sci. 22:691–708.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2020) The effect of health insurance on crime: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion. Health Econom. 29(3):261–277.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) The intersection of harm reduction and zoning law: A growing divide between NIMBYs and public health initiatives. Indiana Health Law Rev. 19(2):481.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) Data-driven allocation of development aid toward sustainable development goals: Evidence from HIV/AIDS. Production Oper. Management 31(6):2739–2756.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Inequity averse optimization in operational research. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 245(2):343–359.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) A review and comparison of solvers for convex MINLP. Optim. Engrg. 20:397–455.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) Disparities between US opioid overdose deaths and treatment capacity: A geospatial and descriptive analysis. J. Addiction Medicine 13(6):476–482.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) Using machine learning to classify individuals with alcohol use disorder based on treatment seeking status. EClinicalMedicine 12:70–78.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Sequential resource allocation for nonprofit operations. Oper. Res. 62(2):301–317.Link, Google Scholar
- (1996) Access to primary health care among persons with disabilities in rural areas: A summary of the literature. J. Rural Health 12(1):45–53.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2018) Spatial resource allocation for emerging epidemics: A comparison of greedy, myopic, and dynamic policies. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 20(2):181–198.Link, Google Scholar
- (2023) On fairness and efficiency in nonprofit operations: Dynamic resource allocations. Production Oper. Management 32(6):1778–1792.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) Assessing spatial relationships between prescription drugs, race, and overdose in New York state from 2013 to 2015. J. Psychoactive Drugs 51(4):360–370.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Drug treatment and the achievement of paid employment. Addiction Res. Theory 16(1):37–45.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Variations in hospital admin costs. J. Healthcare Management 53(3):153–166.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Optimizing influenza vaccine distribution. Science 325(5948):1705–1708.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Mishra M, Mathias T (2019) U.S. launches four-state study to find ways to reduce opioid overdose deaths. Reuters (April 19), https://www.reuters.com/article/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/us-launches-four-state-study-to-find-ways-to-reduce-opioid-overdose-deaths-idUSKCN1RU2EN/.Google Scholar
- (2021) Machine learning–based outcome prediction and novel hypotheses generation for substance use disorder treatment. J. Amer. Medical Informatics Assoc. 28(6):1216–1224.Crossref, Google Scholar
- National Conference of State Legislatures (2015) Mental health benefits: State laws mandating or regulating. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://www.ncsl.org/health/mental-health-benefits.Google Scholar
- National Conference of State Legislatures (2020) Improving rural health: State policy options for increasing access to care. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://www.ncsl.org/health/improving-rural-health.Google Scholar
- Office of National Drug Control Policy (2022) National drug control strategy. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/ondcp/the-administrations-strategy/national-drug-control-strategy/.Google Scholar
- (2020) What is the cost of starting a medical practice? Wolters Kluwer. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/expert-insights/what-is-the-cost-of-starting-a-medical-practice.Google Scholar
- (2017) Do more robust prescription drug monitoring programs reduce prescription opioid overdose? Addiction 112(10):1773–1783.Crossref, Google Scholar
- ParityTrack (2021) State parity implementation survey. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://www.paritytrack.org/reports/.Google Scholar
- (2014) Barriers to substance abuse treatment in rural and urban communities: Counselor perspectives. Substance Use Misuse 49(7):891–901.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) Tackling the opioid crisis: What state strategies are working? National Academy for State Health Policy. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://nashp.org/tackling-the-opioid-crisis-what-state-strategies-are-working/.Google Scholar
- (2011) Operations research in healthcare: A survey. Internat. Trans. Oper. Res. 18(1):1–31.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2021) Unequal but fair: Incorporating distributive justice in operational allocation models. Production Oper. Management 30(7):2304–2320.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) An instrumental variables approach to estimating the effects of changes in the heroin market on overdose in the us. Technical report, Canadian Centre for Health Economics, Toronto.Google Scholar
- (2012) Mortality and access to care among adults after state Medicaid expansions. New England J. Medicine 367(11):1025–1034.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Reductions in non-fatal overdose after drug misuse treatment: Results from national treatment outcome research study. J. Substance Abuse Treatment 22(1):1–9.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2024) Substance abuse and mental health block grants. Accessed March 2, 2025, https://www.samhsa.gov/grants/block-grants.Google Scholar
- (2023) Equitable anesthesiologist scheduling under demand uncertainty using multiobjective programming. Production Oper. Management 32(11):3699–3716.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Substance-abuse treatment and mortality. J. Public Econom. 122:13–30.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Optimal dynamic allocation of treatment and enforcement in illicit drug control. Oper. Res. 49(3):352–362.Link, Google Scholar
- (2016) Analysis of collaborative savings and cost allocation techniques for the cooperative carrier facility location problem. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 67(6):853–871.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Budget constrained location problem with opening and closing of facilities. Comput. Oper. Res. 30(13):2047–2069.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Rural-urban differences in substance use and treatment utilization among prisoners. Amer. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 27(2):265–280.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) State parity laws and access to treatment for substance use disorder in the United States: Implications for federal parity legislation. JAMA Psychiatry 70(12):1355–1362.Crossref, Google Scholar

