The Unintended Carbon Impacts of Large-Scale Electricity Storage

References

• Arbabzadeh M, Sioshansi R, Johnson JX, Keoleian GA (2019) The role of energy storage in deep decarbonization of electricity production. Nature Comm. 10(1):3413.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Arciniegas LM, Hittinger E (2018) Tradeoffs between revenue and emissions in energy storage operation. Energy 143:1–11. Crossref, Google Scholar
• Byrne DP, La Nauze A, Martin LA (2021) An experimental study of monthly electricity demand (in) elasticity. Energy J. 42(2):205–222.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Carson RT, Novan K (2013) The private and social economics of bulk electricity storage. J. Environ. Econom. Management 66(3):404–423.Crossref, Google Scholar
• de Chalendar JA, Benson SM (2019) Why 100% renewable energy is not enough. Joule 3(6):1389–1393.Crossref, Google Scholar
• De Sisternes FJ, Jenkins JD, Botterud A (2016) The value of energy storage in decarbonizing the electricity sector. Appl. Energy 175:368–379.Crossref, Google Scholar
• ENTSOE-E (2023) Transparency platform. Retrieved January 27, https://transparency.entsoe.eu/.Google Scholar
• Fisher MJ, Apt J (2017) Emissions and economics of behind-the-meter electricity storage. Environ. Sci. Tech. 51(3):1094–1101.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fleschutz M, Bohlayer M, Braun M, Henze G, Murphy MD (2021) The effect of price-based demand response on carbon emissions in European electricity markets: The importance of adequate carbon prices. Appl. Energy 295:117040.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goteti NS, Hittinger E, Williams E (2019) How much wind and solar are needed to realize emissions benefits from storage? Energy Systems 10(2):437–459.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goteti NS, Hittinger E, Sergi B, Azevedo IL (2021) How does new energy storage affect the operation and revenue of existing generation? Appl. Energy 285:116383.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hidalgo Gonzalez I, Kanellopoulos K, De Felice M, Bocin A (2019) JRC open power plants database (JRC-PPDB-OPEN), European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC). Retrieved September 28, 2022, http://data.europa.eu/89h/9810feeb-f062-49cd-8e76-8d8cfd488a05.Google Scholar
• Hittinger ES, Azevedo IM (2015) Bulk energy storage increases United States electricity system emissions. Environ. Sci. Tech. 49(5):3203–3210.Crossref, Google Scholar
• IEA (2014) The power of transformation. IEA, Paris, https://www.iea.org/reports/the-power-of-transformation, Licence: CC BY 4.0.Google Scholar
• IEA (2024) Batteries and secure energy transitions. IEA, Paris, https://www.iea.org/reports/batteries-and-secure-energy-transitions, Licence: CC BY 4.0.Google Scholar
• Lazard (2021) Lazard’s levelized cost of energy analysis—Version 15. Technical report, Lazard, London.Google Scholar
• Löhndorf N, Wozabal D (2023) The value of coordination in multimarket bidding of grid energy storage. Oper. Res. 71(1):1–22.Link, Google Scholar
• Olsen DJ, Kirschen DS (2020) Profitable emissions-reducing energy storage. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 35(2):1509–1519.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Peng X, Wu OQ, Souza GC (2024) Renewable, flexible, and storage capacities: Friends or foes? Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 26(5):1730–1749.Link, Google Scholar
• Qin X, Xu B, Lestas I, Guo Y, Sun H (2023) The role of electricity market design for energy storage in cost-efficient decarbonization. Joule 7(6):1227–1240.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Riepin I, Brown T (2024) On the means, costs, and system-level impacts of 24/7 carbon-free energy procurement. Energy Strategy Rev. 54:101488.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ryan NA, Johnson JX, Keoleian GA (2016) Comparative assessment of models and methods to calculate grid electricity emissions. Environ. Sci. Tech. 50(17):8937–8953.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Shafiee S, Zamani-Dehkordi P, Zareipour H, Knight AM (2016) Economic assessment of a price-maker energy storage facility in the Alberta electricity market. Energy 111:537–547.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sunar N, Swaminathan JM, Yorukoglu S (2024) Electricity pricing rules with residential solar-plus-storage: Economic and environmental impacts. Preprint, submitted July 19, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4899728.Google Scholar
• The World Bank (2025) State and trends of carbon pricing dashboard. Retrieved November 2025, https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/.Google Scholar
• Williams O, Green R (2022) Electricity storage and market power. Energy Policy 164:112872.Crossref, Google Scholar
• World Nuclear Association (2025) Economics of nuclear power. Accessed October 18, 2022, https://world-nuclear.org/.Google Scholar
• Wu OQ, Kapuscinski R (2013) Curtailing intermittent generation in electrical systems. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 15(4):578–595.Link, Google Scholar
• Wu OQ, Kapuscinski R, Suresh S (2023) On the distributed energy storage investment and operations. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 25(6):2277–2297.Abstract, Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Basu A, Lontzek TS, Schmedders K (2023) The social cost of carbon when we wish for full-path robustness. Management Sci. 69(12):7585–7606.Link, Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Scheller-Wolf A, Secomandi N, Smith S (2016) Electricity trading and negative prices: Storage vs. disposal. Management Sci. 62(3):880–898.Link, Google Scholar