Technical Note—Fairness-Aware Online Price Discrimination with Nonparametric Demand Models

References

• Ada Lovelace Institute (2021) Technical methods for regulatory inspection of algorithmic systems: A survey of auditing methods for use in regulatory inspections of online harms. Accessed July 1, 2023, https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ADA_Technical-methods-regulatory-inspection_report.pdf.Google Scholar
• Ban G-Y, Keskin NB (2021) Personalized dynamic pricing with machine learning: High-dimensional features and heterogeneous elasticity. Management Sci. 67(9):5549–5568.Link, Google Scholar
• Besbes O, Zeevi A (2009) Dynamic pricing without knowing the demand function: Risk bounds and near-optimal algorithms. Oper. Res. 57(6):1407–1420.Link, Google Scholar
• Broder J, Rusmevichientong P (2012) Dynamic pricing under a general parametric choice model. Oper. Res. 60(4):965–980.Link, Google Scholar
• Chen N, Gallego G (2021) Nonparametric pricing analytics with customer covariates. Oper. Res. 69(3):974–984.Link, Google Scholar
• Chen X, Miao S, Wang Y (2023) Differential privacy in personalized pricing with nonparametric demand models. Oper. Res. 71(2):581–602.Link, Google Scholar
• Chen X, Simchi-Levi D, Wang Y (2022a) Privacy-preserving dynamic personalized pricing with demand learning. Management Sci. 68(7):4878–4898.Link, Google Scholar
• Chen X, Simchi-Levi D, Wang Y (2025) Utility fairness in contextual dynamic pricing with demand learning. Managment Sci. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
• Chen X, Gao J, Ge D, Wang Z (2022b) Bayesian dynamic learning and pricing with strategic customers. Production Oper. Management 31(8):3125–3142.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chen X, Lyu J, Wang Y, Zhou Y (2024) Network revenue management with demand learning and fair resource-consumption balancing. Production Oper. Management 33(2):494–511.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cohen MC, Elmachtoub AN, Lei X (2022) Price discrimination with fairness constraints. Management Sci. 68(12):8536–8552.Link, Google Scholar
• Cohen MC, Miao S, Wang Y (2025) Dynamic pricing with fairness constraints. Oper. Res. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
• den Boer AV, Keskin NB (2022a) Dynamic pricing with demand learning and reference effects. Management Sci. 68(10):7112–7130.Link, Google Scholar
• den Boer AV, Keskin NB (2022b) Dynamic pricing with demand learning: Emerging topics and state of the art. Chen X, Jasin S, Shi C, eds. The Elements of Joint Learning and Optimization in Operations Management, Springer Series in Supply Chain Management, vol. 18 (Springer, Cham, Switzerland), 79–101.Crossref, Google Scholar
• den Boer AV, Zwart B (2014) Simultaneously learning and optimizing using controlled variance pricing. Management Sci. 60(3):770–783.Link, Google Scholar
• DRCF (2022) Auditing algorithms: The existing landscape, role of regulators and future outlook. Accessed May 3, 2024, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/findings-from-the-drcf-algorithmic-processing-workstream-spring-2022/auditing-algorithms-the-existing-landscape-role-of-regulators-and-future-outlook.Google Scholar
• Gallego G, Van Ryzin G (1997) A multiproduct dynamic pricing problem and its applications to network yield management. Oper. Res. 45(1):24–41.Link, Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Kamble V (2021) Individual fairness in hindsight. J. Machine Learn. Res. 22(144):1–35.Google Scholar
• Jasin S (2014) Reoptimization and self-adjusting price control for network revenue management. Oper. Res. 62(5):1168–1178.Link, Google Scholar
• Keskin NB, Zeevi A (2014) Dynamic pricing with an unknown demand model: Asymptotically optimal semi-myopic policies. Oper. Res. 62(5):1142–1167.Link, Google Scholar
• Keskin NB, Zeevi A (2017) Chasing demand: Learning and earning in a changing environment. Math. Oper. Res. 42(2):277–307.Link, Google Scholar
• Mankiw NG (2021) Principles of Economics (Cengage Learning, Boston).Google Scholar
• Mattioli D (2012) On Orbitz, Mac users steered to pricier hotels. Wall Street J. (August 23), https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304458604577488822667325882.Google Scholar
• Osborne Clarke (2024) Price discrimination: A regulatory hot topic? Accessed May 5, 2024, https://www.osborneclarke.com/insights/price-discrimination-regulatory-hot-topic.Google Scholar
• Salem J, Gupta S, Kamble V (2021) Algorithmic challenges in ensuring fairness at the time of decision. Preprint, submitted March 16, https://arxiv.org/html/2103.09287.Google Scholar
• Streitfeld D (2000) On the web, price tags blur. Washington Post (September 27), https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/09/27/on-the-web-price-tags-blur/14daea51-3a64-488f-8e6b-c1a3654773da/.Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Deng S, Ye Y (2014) Close the gaps: A learning-while-doing algorithm for single-product revenue management problems. Oper. Res. 62(2):318–331.Link, Google Scholar