Building Industries by Building Knowledge: Uncertainty Reduction over Industry Milestones

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2020.0103

References

  • Adner R, Kapoor R (2016) Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution: Re‐examining technology S‐curves. Strategic Management J. 37(4):625–648.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Adner R, Levinthal D (2001) Demand heterogeneity and technology evolution: Implications for product and process innovation. Management Sci. 47(5):611–628.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Afuah A (2001) Dynamic boundaries of the firm: Are firms better off being vertically integrated in the face of a technological change? Acad. Management J. 44(6):1211–1228.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Afuah AN, Bahram N (1995) The hypercube of innovation. Res. Policy 24(1):51–76.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Agarwal R, Bayus BL (2002) The market evolution and sales takeoff of product innovations. Management Sci. 48(8):1024–1041.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Agarwal R, Gort M (1996) The evolution of markets and entry, exit and survival of firms. Rev. Econom. Statist. 78(3):489–498.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Agarwal R, Gort M (2001) First-mover advantage and the speed of competitive entry, 1887–1986. J. Law Econom. 44(1):161–177.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Agarwal R, Ganco M, Ziedonis RH (2009) Reputations for toughness in patent enforcement: Implications for knowledge spillovers via inventor mobility. Strategic Management J. 30(13):1349–1374.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Agarwal R, Moeen M, Shah SK (2017) Athena’s birth: Triggers, actors, and actions preceding industry inception. Strategic Entrepreneurship J. 11(3):287–305.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Aldrich HE, Fiol CM (1994) Fools rush in? The institutional context of industry creation. Acad. Management Rev. 19(4):645–670.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Alexy O, George G, Salter AJ (2013) Cui bono? The selective revealing of knowledge and its implications for innovative activity. Acad. Management Rev. 38(2):270–291.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ambrose CG, Clanton TO (2004) Bioabsorbable implants: Review of clinical experience in orthopedic surgery. Ann. Biomedical Engrg. 32(1):171–177.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ansari S, Phillips N (2011) Text me! New consumer practices and change in organizational fields. Organ. Sci. 22(6):1579–1599.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Ansari S, Garud R, Kumaraswamy A (2016) The disruptor’s dilemma: TiVo and the US television ecosystem. Strategic Management J. 37(9):1829–1853.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Anthony C, Nelson AJ, Tripsas M (2016) “Who are you? . . . I really wanna know”: Product meaning and competitive positioning in the nascent synthesizer industry. Strategy Sci. 1(3):163–183.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Arrow KJ, Debreu G (1954) Existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy. Econometrica 22(3):265–290.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Aversa P, Jenkins M, Furnari S (2019) The primordial soup of cluster genesis: An historical case of the British Motor Valley. Working paper, Cass Business School, London.Google Scholar
  • Bain JS (1956) Barriers to New Competition: Their Character and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries, vol. 329 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Baldwin C, Hienerth C, von Hippel E (2006) How user innovations become commercial products: A theoretical investigation and case study. Res. Policy 35(9):1291–1313.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Benner MJ, Ranganathan R (2012) Offsetting illegitimacy? How pressures from securities analysts influence incumbents in the face of new technologies. Acad. Management J. 55(1):213–233.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Benner MJ, Tushman M (2002) Process management and technological innovation: A longitudinal study of the photography and paint industries. Admin. Sci. Quart. 47(4):676–707.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Benner MJ, Tripsas M (2012) The influence of prior industry affiliation on framing in nascent industries: The evolution of digital cameras. Strategic Management J. 33(3):277–302.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bingham CB, Kahl SJ (2013) The process of schema emergence: Assimilation, deconstruction, unitization and the plurality of analogies. Acad. Management J. 56(1):14–34.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Blank S (2005) The Four Steps to the Epiphany—Successful Strategies for Products That Win (Lulu.com, Pascadero, CA).Google Scholar
  • Bliss M (1982) The Discovery of Insulin (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
  • Boudreau KJ, Jeppesen LB (2015) Unpaid crowd complementors: The platform network effect mirage. Strategic Management J. 36(12):1761–1777.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Capron L, Mitchell W (2009) Selection capability: How capability gaps and internal social frictions affect internal and external strategic renewal. Organ. Sci. 20(2):294–312.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Carroll G, Hannan MT (2000) The Demography of Organizations and Industries (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Google Scholar
  • Cattani G (2005) Preadaptation, firm heterogeneity, and technological performance: A study on the evolution of fiber optics, 1970–1995. Organ. Sci. 16(6):563–580.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Charles D (2001) Lords of the Harvest: Biotech, Big Money, and the Future of Food (Basic Books, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
  • Christensen CM, Bower JL (1996) Customer power, strategic investment, and the failure of leading firms. Strategic Management J. 17(3):197–218.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Clark KB (1985) The interaction of design hierarchies and market concepts in technological evolution. Res. Policy 14(5):235–251.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Cohen WM, Nelson RR, Walsh JP (2000) Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why US manufacturing firms patent (or not). NBER Working Paper No. 7552, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
  • Cox TH (2009) Gibbons v. Ogden, Law, and Society in the Early Republic (Ohio University Press, Athens).Google Scholar
  • Crevier D (1993) AI: The Tumultuous History of the Search for Artificial Intelligence (Basic Books, New York).Google Scholar
  • Dobbin F, Dowd TJ (1997) How policy shapes competition: Early railroad foundings in Massachusetts. Admin. Sci. Quart. 42(3):501–529.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Dosi G (1988) Sources, procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation. J. Econom. Literature 26(3):1120–1171.Google Scholar
  • Eggers JP (2016) Reversing course: Competing technologies, mistakes, and renewal in flat panel displays. Strategic Management J. 37(8):1578–1596.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Eggers JP, Grajek M, Kretschmer T (2019) Experience, consumers, and fit: Disentangling performance implications of pre-entry technological and market experience in 2G mobile telephony. Organ. Sci. 31(2):245–534.Google Scholar
  • Fabrizio KR (2012) The effect of regulatory uncertainty on investment: Evidence from renewable energy generation. J. Law Econom. Organ. 29(4):765–798.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Felin T, Zenger TR (2009) Entrepreneurs as theorists: On the origins of collective beliefs and novel strategies. Strategic Entrepreneurship J. 3(2):127–146.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Franke N, Shah S (2003) How communities support innovative activities: An exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users. Res. Policy 32(1):157–178.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Franz K (2005) Tinkering: Consumers Reinvent the Early Automobile (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Furr NR, Snow DC (2014) Intergenerational hybrids: Spillbacks, spillforwards, and adapting to technology discontinuities. Organ. Sci. 26(2):475–493.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Gambardella A, Raasch C, von Hippel E (2017) The user innovation paradigm: Impacts on markets and welfare. Management Sci. 63(5):1450–1468.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Gao C, McDonald R (2019) Shaping nascent industries: Innovation strategy and regulatory uncertainty in personal genomics. Working paper, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
  • Garud R, Rappa MA (1994) A socio-cognitive model of technology evolution: The case of cochlear implants. Organ. Sci. 5(3):344–362.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Gavetti G, Levinthal D (2000) Looking forward and looking backward: Cognitive and experiential search. Admin. Sci. Quart. 45(1):113–137.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Georgallis P, Dowell G, Durand R (2019) Shine on me: Industry coherence and policy support for emerging industries. Admin. Sci. Quart. 64(3):503–541.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gnyawali DR, Park BJR (2011) Co-opetition between giants: Collaboration with competitors for technological innovation. Res. Policy 40(5):650–663.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Golder PN, Tellis GJ (1997) Will it ever fly? Modeling the takeoff of really new consumer durables. Marketing Sci. 16(3):256–270.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Golder PN, Shacham R, Mitra D (2009) Findings—Innovations’ origins: When, by whom, and how are radical innovations developed? Marketing Sci. 28(1):166–179.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Gort M, Klepper S (1982) Time paths in the diffusion of product innovations. Econom. J. 92(367):630–653.Google Scholar
  • Graff GD, Rausser GC, Small AA (2003) Agricultural biotechnology’s complementary intellectual assets. Rev. Econom. Statist. 85(2):349–363.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Grant RM (1996) Toward a knowledge‐based theory of the firm. Strategic Management J. 17(S2):109–122.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Greenstein S (2015) How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Grodal S, O’Mahony S (2017) How does a grand challenge become displaced? Explaining the duality of field mobilization. Acad. Management J. 60(5):1801–1827.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gurses K, Ozcan P (2015) Entrepreneurship in regulated markets: Framing contests and collective action to introduce pay TV in the US. Acad. Management J. 58(6):1709–1739.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hannah DP, Eisenhardt KM (2018) How firms navigate cooperation and competition in nascent ecosystems. Strategic Management J. 39(12):3163–3192.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hannah DP, Caldwell A, Ott T (2019) Not all those who wander are lost: Founding motivation, lay theory, and the origin of ecosystem strategy. Working paper, University of Texas, Austin.Google Scholar
  • Hargadon AB, Douglas Y (2001) When innovations meet institutions: Edison and the design of the electric light. Admin. Sci. Quart. 46(3):476–501.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Helfat CE (2015) Vertical firm structure and industry evolution. Indust. Corporate Change 24(4):803–818.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Helfat CE, Raubitschek RS (2000) Product sequencing: Co‐evolution of knowledge, capabilities and products. Strategic Management J. 21(10–11):961–979.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Henisz WJ, Zelner BA (2001) The institutional environment for telecommunications investment. J. Econom. Management Strategy 10(1):123–147.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hiatt SR, Park S (2013) Lords of the harvest: Third-party influence and regulatory approval of genetically modified organisms. Acad. Management J. 56(4):923–944.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hoetker G (2005) How much you know vs. how well I know you: Selecting a supplier for a technically innovative component. Strategic Management J. 26(1):75–96.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Iansiti M, Clark KB (1994) Integration and dynamic capability: Evidence from product development in automobiles and mainframe computers. Indust. Corporate Change 3(3):557–605.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ingram P, Rao H (2004) Store wars: The enactment and repeal of anti-chain-store legislation in America. Amer. J. Sociol. 110(2):446–487.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jacobides MG, Billinger S (2006) Designing the boundaries of the firm: From “make, buy, or ally” to the dynamic benefits of vertical architecture. Organ. Sci. 17(2):249–261.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Joshi AM, Nerkar A (2011) When do strategic alliances inhibit innovation by firms? Evidence from patent pools in the global optical disc industry. Strategic Management J. 32(11):1139–1160.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kapoor R, Furr NR (2015) Complementarities and competition: Unpacking the drivers of entrants’ technology choices in the solar photovoltaic industry. Strategic Management J. 36(3):416–436.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kennedy MT (2008) Getting counted: Markets, media, and reality. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 73(2):270–295.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Khaire M, Wadhwani RD (2010) Changing landscapes: The construction of meaning and value in a new market category—Modern Indian art. Acad. Management J. 53(6):1281–1304.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Khanna T, Palepu K (1997) Why focused strategies may be wrong for emerging markets. Harvard Bus. Rev. 75(4):41–43.Google Scholar
  • Kirsch DA (2000) The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ).Google Scholar
  • Klepper S (1996) Entry, exit, growth, and innovation over the product life cycle. Amer. Econom. Rev. 86(3):562–583.Google Scholar
  • Klepper S (2016) Experimental Capitalism: The Nanoeconomics of American High-Tech Industries (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Knight FH (1921) Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (Hart, Schaffner, and Marx, New York).Google Scholar
  • Langlois RN (2003) The vanishing hand: The changing dynamics of industrial capitalism. Indust. Corporate Change 12(2):351–385.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Langlois RN, Robertson PL (1989) Explaining vertical integration: Lessons from the American automobile industry. J. Econom. Hist. 49(2):361–375.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lashley K, Pollock TG (2020) Waiting to inhale: Reducing stigma in the medical cannabis industry. Admin. Sci. Quart. Forthcoming.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lee BH, Hiatt SR, Lounsbury M (2017a) Market mediators and the trade-offs of legitimacy-seeking behaviors in a nascent category. Organ. Sci. 28(3):447–470.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Lee BH, Struben J, Bingham CB (2017b) Collective action and market formation: An integrative framework. Strategic Management J. 39(1):242–266.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Leiponen AE (2008) Competing through cooperation: The organization of standard setting in wireless telecommunications. Management Sci. 54(11):1904–1919.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Levinthal DA (1997) Adaptation on rugged landscapes. Management Sci. 43(7):934–950.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Levy B, Spiller PT (1994) The institutional foundations of regulatory commitment: A comparative analysis of telecommunications regulation. J. Law Econom. Organ. 10(2):201–246.Google Scholar
  • Lounsbury M, Ventresca M, Hirsch PM (2003) Social movements, field frames and industry emergence: A cultural–political perspective on US recycling. Socio-Econom. Rev. 1(1):71–104.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Maguire S, Hardy C, Lawrence TB (2004) Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Acad. Management J. 47(5):657–679.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Malerba F (2002) Sectoral systems of innovation and production. Res. Policy 31(2):247–264.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Marcus AA (1981) Policy uncertainty and technological innovation. Acad. Management Rev. 6(3):443–448.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Merges RP, Nelson RR (1994) On limiting or encouraging rivalry in technical progress: The effect of patent scope decisions. J. Econom. Behav. Organ. 25(1):1–24.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Merton RK (1973) The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
  • Miller RE, Sawers D (1970) The Technical Development of Modern Aviation (Praeger Publishers, New York).Google Scholar
  • Mitchell W (1989) Whether and when? Probability and timing of incumbents’ entry into emerging industrial subfields. Admin. Sci. Quart. 34(2):208–230.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mody CC (2006) Corporations, universities, and instrumental communities: Commercializing probe microscopy, 1981–1996. Tech. Culture 47(1):56–80.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Moeen M (2017) Entry into nascent industries: Disentangling a firm’s capability portfolio at the time of investment vs. market entry. Strategic Management J. 38(10):1986–2004.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Moeen M, Agarwal R (2017) Incubation of an industry: Heterogeneous knowledge bases and modes of value capture. Strategic Management J. 38(3):566–587.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Moeen M, Mitchell W (2020) How do pre-entrants during the industry incubation stage choose between alliances and acquisitions for technical capabilities and specialized complementary assets? Strategic Management J. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
  • Mowery DC, Rosenberg N (1991) Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth (Cambridge University Press, New York).Google Scholar
  • Munir KA, Phillips N (2005) The birth of the ‘Kodak moment’: Institutional entrepreneurship and the adoption of new technologies. Organ. Stud. 26(11):1665–1687.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Nickerson JA, Zenger TR (2004) A knowledge-based theory of the firm—The problem-solving perspective. Organ. Sci. 15(6):617–632.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Nonaka I (1994) A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organ. Sci. 5(1):14–37.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • North DC (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ostrom E (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ozcan P, Eisenhardt KM (2009) Origin of alliance portfolios: Entrepreneurs, network strategies, and firm performance. Acad. Management J. 52(2):246–279.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ozcan P, Gurses K (2018) Playing cat and mouse: Contests over regulatory categorization of dietary supplements in the United States. Acad. Management J. 61(5):1789–1820.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pahnke EC, Katila R, Eisenhardt KM (2015) Who takes you to the dance? How partners’ institutional logics influence innovation in young firms. Admin. Sci. Quart. 60(4):596–633.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Paik Y, Kang S, Seamans R (2019) Entrepreneurship, innovation, and political competition: How the public sector helps the sharing economy create value. Strategic Management J. 40(4):503–532.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pisano GP (1991) The governance of innovation: Vertical integration and collaborative arrangements in the biotechnology industry. Res. Policy 20(3):237–249.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Polidoro F Jr, Toh PK (2011) Letting rivals come close or warding them off? The effects of substitution threat on imitation deterrence. Acad. Management J. 54(2):369–392.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Porac JF, Thomas H (1990) Taxonomic mental models in competitor definition. Acad. Management Rev. 15(2):224–240.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Qian L, Agarwal R, Hoetker G (2012) Configuration of value chain activities: The effect of pre-entry capabilities, transaction hazards, and industry evolution on decisions to internalize. Organ. Sci. 23(5):1330–1349.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Ranganathan R, Rosenkopf L (2014) Do ties really bind? The effect of knowledge and commercialization networks on opposition to standards. Acad. Management J. 57(2):515–540.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rao H (2004) Institutional activism in the early American automobile industry. J. Bus. Venturing 19(3):359–384.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rietveld J, Eggers JP (2018) Demand heterogeneity in platform markets: Implications for complementors. Organ. Sci. 29(2):304–322.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Rindova VP, Fombrun CJ (1999) Constructing competitive advantage: The role of firm–constituent interactions. Strategic Management J. 20(8):691–710.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rindova VP, Kotha S (2001) Continuous “morphing”: Competing through dynamic capabilities, form, and function. Acad. Management J. 44(6):1263–1280.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rindova VP, Petkova AP (2007) When is a new thing a good thing? Technological change, product form design, and perceptions of value for product innovations. Organ. Sci. 18(2):217–232.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Rindova VP, Petkova AP, Kotha S (2007) Standing out: How new firms in emerging markets build reputation. Strategic Organ. 5(1):31–70.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rogers EM (1995) The Diffusion of Innovations (Free Press, New York).Google Scholar
  • Rosenberg N (1972) Technology and American Economic Growth (Harper and Row, New York).Google Scholar
  • Rosenberg N (1982) Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics (Cambridge University Press New York).Google Scholar
  • Rosenberg N (1992) Economic experiments. Indust. Corporate Change 1(1):181–203.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rosenberg N (1997) Uncertainty and technological change. Landau R, Taylor T, Wright G, eds. The Mosaic of Economic Growth (Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA), 334–353.Google Scholar
  • Rosenbloom RS, Cusumano MA (1987) Technological pioneering and competitive advantage: The birth of the VCR industry. California Management Rev. 29(4):51–76.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rosenkopf L, Tushman ML (1998) The coevolution of community networks and technology: Lessons from the flight simulation industry. Indust. Corporate Change 7(2):311–346.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Roth AE (2008) What have we learned from market design? Econom. J. 118(527):285–310.Google Scholar
  • Rothaermel FT, Hill CW (2005) Technological discontinuities and complementary assets: A longitudinal study of industry and firm performance. Organ. Sci. 16(1):52–70.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Roy R (2019). The pursuit of the solution to a mission-oriented grand challenge: The nonlinear, multidirectional search for the reusable hypersonic spacecraft. Working paper, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ.Google Scholar
  • Roy R, Lampert CM, Sarkar MB (2019) The pre‐commercialization emergence of the combination of product features in the charge‐coupled device image sensor. Strategic Entrepreneurship J. 13(4):448–477.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sampat BN (2012) Mission-oriented biomedical research at the NIH. Res. Policy 41(10):1729–1741.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sanderson SW, Simons KL (2014) Light emitting diodes and the lighting revolution: The emergence of a solid-state lighting industry. Res. Policy 43(10):1730–1746.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Santos FM, Eisenhardt KM (2005) Organizational boundaries and theories of organization. Organ. Sci. 16(5):491–508.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Saxenian A (1996) Regional Advantage (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Schumpeter JA (1934) Theory of Economic Development (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
  • Schumpeter JA (1942) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Harper and Brothers, New York).Google Scholar
  • Seidel VP, O’Mahony S (2014) Managing the repertoire: Stories, metaphors, prototypes, and concept coherence in product innovation. Organ. Sci. 25(3):691–712.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Seidel VP, Hannigan T, Phillips N (2019) Rumor communities, social media, and forthcoming innovations: The shaping of technological frames in product market evolution. Acad. Management Rev. 45(2):304–324.Google Scholar
  • Shackle GLS (1979) Imagination and the Nature of Choice (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Scotland).Google Scholar
  • Shah SK (2003) Community-based innovation and product development: Findings from open source software and consumer sporting goods. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Management Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.Google Scholar
  • Shane S (2000) Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organ. Sci. 11(4):448–469.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Shapiro C, Varian HR (1999) The art of standards wars. California Management Rev. 41(2):8–32.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Shermon A, Moeen M (2019) Zooming in or zooming out: Entrants’ product usage breadth in the nascent drone industry. Working paper, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
  • Simcoe T (2012) Standard setting committees: Consensus governance for shared technology platforms. Amer. Econom. Rev. 102(1):305–336.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sine WD, Lee BH (2009) Tilting at windmills? The environmental movement and the emergence of the US wind energy sector. Admin. Sci. Quart. 54(1):123–155.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Teece DJ (1977) Technology transfer by multinational firms: The resource cost of transferring technological know-how. Econom. J. 87(346):242–261.Google Scholar
  • Teece DJ (1986) Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Res. Policy 15(6):285–305.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Thesaurus.net (2011) Aggregate. Accessed May 19, 2020, https://www.thesaurus.net/aggregate.Google Scholar
  • Thomke SH (2003) Experimentation Matters: Unlocking the Potential of New Technologies for Innovation (Harvard Business Press, Boston).Google Scholar
  • Toh PK, Miller CD (2017) Pawn to save a chariot, or drawbridge into the fort? Firms’ disclosure during standard setting and complementary technologies within ecosystems. Strategic Management J. 38(11):2213–2236.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tushman ML, Anderson P (1986) Technological discontinuities and organizational environments. Admin. Sci. Quart. 31(3):439–465.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Urban GL, von Hippel E (1988) Lead user analyses for the development of new industrial products. Management Sci. 34(5):569–582.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Utterback JM, Abernathy WJ (1975) A dynamic model of process and product innovation. Omega 3(6):639–656.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Utterback JM, Suárez FF (1993) Innovation, competition, and industry structure. Res. Policy 22(1):1–21.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Vakili K (2016) Collaborative promotion of technology standards and the impact on innovation, industry structure, and organizational capabilities: Evidence from modern patent pools. Organ. Sci. 27(6):1504–1524.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Vakili K, McGahan AM (2016) Healthcare’s grand challenge: Stimulating basic science on diseases that primarily afflict the poor. Acad. Management J. 59(6):1917–1939.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • von Hippel E (1986) Lead users: A source of novel product concepts. Management Sci. 32(7):791–805.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • van Lierop W (2019) Fusion energy: Who has the courage to take it to market? Forbes (August 21), https://www.forbes.com/sites/walvanlierop/2019/08/21/fusion-energy-who-has-the-courage-to-take-it-to-market/#b7c036c57c70.Google Scholar
  • Washington Post (2016) Trespassers in the sky. Washington Post (August 31), A12.Google Scholar
  • Weber K, Heinze KL, DeSoucey M (2008) Forage for thought: Mobilizing codes in the movement for grass-fed meat and dairy products. Admin. Sci. Quart. 53(3):529–567.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Weber K, Rao H, Thomas LG (2009) From streets to suites: How the anti-biotech movement affected German pharmaceutical firms. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 74(1):106–127.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Weick K (1995) Sensemaking in Organizations (Sage, London).Google Scholar
  • Williamson OE (1975) Markets and Hierarchies (Free Press, New York).Google Scholar
  • Wilson M (2018) The 8 greatest ideas of CES 2018. Fast Company (January 11), https://www.fastcompany.com/90156631/the-8-greatest-ideas-at-ces-2018.Google Scholar
  • Wry T, Lounsbury M, Glynn MA (2011) Legitimating nascent collective identities: Coordinating cultural entrepreneurship. Organ. Sci. 22(2):449–463.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • York JG, Vedula S, Lenox MJ (2018) It’s not easy building green: The impact of public policy, private actors, and regional logics on voluntary standards adoption. Acad. Management J. 61(4):1492–1523.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Zott C, Amit R, Massa L (2011) The business model: Recent developments and future research. J. Management 37(4):1019–1042.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Zuzul T, Tripsas M (2019) Start-up inertia vs. flexibility: The role of founder identity in a nascent industry. Admin. Sci. Quart., ePub ahead of print, https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839219843486.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.