New Insights into Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks

References

• Adobe Adobe after effects. (2005) . http://www.adobe.com/products/premiere/Google Scholar
• Carstens R. L., Ring S. L. Pedestrian capacities of shelter entrances. Traffic Engrg. (1970) 41:38–43Google Scholar
• DiNenno P. J.SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (2002) 3rd ed.(National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA) Google Scholar
• Fruin J. J.Pedestrian Planning and Design (1971) (Elevator World, New York) Google Scholar
• Hankin B. D., Wright R. A. Passenger flow in subways. Oper. Res. Quart. (1958) 9:81–88Crossref, Google Scholar
• HCPHighway Capacity Manual (1985) (Washington, DC)Google Scholar
• Helbing D., Johansson A., Al-Abideen H. The dynamics of crowd disasters: An empirical study. Physical Rev. E (2007) 75:046109Crossref, Google Scholar
• Helbing D., Johansson A., Mathiesen J., Jensen M. H., Hansen A. Analytical approach to continuous and intermittent bottleneck flows. Physical Rev. Lett. (2006) 97:168001Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hoogendoorn S. P., Daamen W. Pedestrian behavior at bottlenecks. Transportation Sci. (2005) 39(2):147–159Link, Google Scholar
• Hoogendoorn S. P., Daamen W., Bovy P. H. L., Galea E. R. Microscopic pedestrian traffic data collection and analysis by walking experiments: Behaviour at bottlenecks. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics '03 (2003) (CMS Press, London) 89–100Google Scholar
• James F. MINUIT—Function Minimization and Error Analysis. (1994) . CERN Program Library entry D506Google Scholar
• Kretz T., Grünebohm A., Schreckenberg M. Experimental study of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck. J. Stat. Mech. (2006) P10014Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lam W. H. K., Lee J. Y. S., Chan K. S., Goh P. K. A generalised function for modeling bi-directional flow effects on indoor walkways in Hong Kong. Transportation Res. Part A (2003) 37:789–810Google Scholar
• Mintz A. Non-adaptive group behaviour. J. Abnormal Soc. Psych. (1951) 46:150–159Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mori M., Tsukaguchi H. A new method for evaluation of level of service in pedestrian facilities. Transportation Res. Part A (1987) 21A(3):223–234Crossref, Google Scholar
• Muir H. C., Bottomley D. M., Marrison C. Effects of motivation and cabin configuration on emergency aircraft evacuation behavior and rates of egress. Internat. J. Aviation Psych. (1996) 6(1):57–77Crossref, Google Scholar
• Müller K. Zur Gestaltung und Bemessung von Fluchtwegen für die Evakuierung von Personen aus Bauwerken auf der Grundlage von Modellversuchen. (1981) . Ph.D. thesis, Technische Hochschule MagdeburgGoogle Scholar
• Nagai R., Fukamachi M., Nagatani T. Evacuation of crawlers and walkers from corridor through an exit. Physica A (2006) 367:449–460doi:10.1016/j.physa.2005.11.031, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.11.031Crossref, Google Scholar
• Navin P. D., Wheeler R. J. Pedestrian flow characteristics. Traffic Engrg. (1969) 39:31–36Google Scholar
• Nelson H. E., Mowrer F. W., DiNenno P. J. Emergency movement. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (2002) 3rd ed.(National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA) 367Chap. 14Google Scholar
• Oeding D. Verkehrsbelastung und Dimensionierung von Gehwegen und anderen Anlagen des Fußgängerverkehrs. Forschungsbericht 22 (1963) (Technische Hochschule Braunschweig)Google Scholar
• O'Flaherty C. A., Parkinson M. H. Movement in a city centre footway. Traffic Engrg. Control (1972) 13:434–438Google Scholar
• Older S. J. Movement of pedestrians on footways in shopping streets. Traffic Engrg. Control (1968) 10:160–163Google Scholar
• Polus A., Joseph J. L., Ushpiz A. Pedestrian flow and level of service. J. Transportation Engrg. (1983) 109(1):46–56Crossref, Google Scholar
• Predtechenskii V. M., Milinskii A. I.Planning for Foot Traffic Flow in Buildings (1978) (Amerind Publishing, New Dehli, India) . (Translation of Proekttirovanie Zhdanii s Uchetom Organizatsii Dvizheniya Lyuddskikh Potokov. Stroiizdat Publishers, Moscow, 1969.)Google Scholar
• Pushkarev B., Zupan J. M. Capacity of walkways. Transportation Res. Record (1975) 538:1–15Google Scholar
• Rupprecht T. Untersuchung zur Erfassung der Basisdaten von Personenströmen. (2006) . Diploma thesis, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, FB-D Abt. Sicherheitstechnik, http://www.fz-juelich.de/jsc/JSCPeople/seyfried-teachingGoogle Scholar
• Tsuji Y., Galea E. R. Numerical simulation of pedestrian flow at high densities. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics '03 (2003) (CMS Press, London) 27–38Google Scholar
• United Nations (2005) . http://esa.un.org/unup/p2k0data.aspGoogle Scholar
• Weidmann U. Transporttechnik der Fußgänger. (1993) . Schriftenreihe des IVT 90, ETH ZürichGoogle Scholar