The Dual Role of Modularity: Innovation and Imitation
Published Online:20 Feb 2008https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1070.0775
References
- What is complexity? BioEssays (2002) 24:1085–1094Crossref, Google Scholar
- Fact-free learning. Amer. Econom. Rev. (2005) 95(5):1355–1368Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) . Personal communication, Harvard Business School, BostonGoogle Scholar
- , Yoffie D. B. Sun wars: Competition within a modular cluster, 1985–1990. Competing in the Age of Digital Convergence (1997) (Harvard Business School Press, Boston) 123–157Google Scholar
- Design Rules: The Power of Modularity (2000) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) Crossref, Google Scholar
- Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. J. Management (1991) 17(1):99–120Crossref, Google Scholar
- Computerworld 35 years of IT leadership: The best and the worst. Computerworld (2002) 36(40, September 30):74Google Scholar
- A resource-based theory of the firm: Knowledge versus opportunism. Organ. Sci. (1996) 7(5):477–501Link, Google Scholar
- Robust beauty of improper linear-models in decision-making. Amer. Psychologist (1979) 34(7):571–582Crossref, Google Scholar
- Bounded rationality and the search for organizational architecture: An evolutionary perspective on the design of organizations and their evolvability. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2004a) 49(3):404–437Crossref, Google Scholar
- Modularity and innovation in complex systems. Management Sci. (2004b) 50(2):159–173Link, Google Scholar
- Technological and organizational designs for realizing economies of substitution. Strategic Management J. (1995) 16(Special Issue):93–109Crossref, Google Scholar
- Transformative capacity: Continual structuring by intertemporal technology transfer. Strategic Management J. (1994) 15:365–386Crossref, Google Scholar
- Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning (1989) (Addison-Wesley Longman, Reading, MA) Google Scholar
- Mental accounting and consumer decisions. J. Consumer Res. (1996) 23:40–52Crossref, Google Scholar
- Coordination neglect: How lay theories of organizing complicate coordination in organizations. Res. Organ. Behav. (2000) 22:153–191Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution (1993) (Oxford University Press, New York) Crossref, Google Scholar
- Vertical integration, appropriable rents, and the competitive contracting process. J. Law Econom. (1978) 21(2):297–326Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology. Organ. Sci. (1992) 3(3):383–397Link, Google Scholar
- Adaptation on rugged landscapes. Management Sci. (1997) 43(7):934–950Link, Google Scholar
- Uncertain imitability: An analysis of interfirm differences in efficiency under competition. Bell J. Econom. (1982) 13(2):418–453Crossref, Google Scholar
- Two measures of difficulty. Econom. Theory (1996) 8(2):321–346Crossref, Google Scholar
- On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules. Comm. ACM (1972) 15(12):1053–1058Crossref, Google Scholar
- Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors (1980) (Free Press, New York) Google Scholar
- Towards a dynamic theory of strategy. Strategic Management J. (1991) 12(Winter):95–117Crossref, Google Scholar
- Choice bracketing. J. Risk Uncertainty (1999) 19(1–3):171–197Crossref, Google Scholar
- Causal ambiguity, barriers to imitation, and sustainable competitive advantage. Acad. Management Rev. (1990) 15(1):88–102Crossref, Google Scholar
- Imitation of complex strategies. Management Sci. (2000) 46(6):824–844Link, Google Scholar
- Reproducing knowledge: Replication without imitation at moderate complexity. Organ. Sci. (2001) 12(3):274–293Link, Google Scholar
- Delta air lines (A): The low-cost carrier threat. (2004) . HBS Case 9-704-403, Harvard Business School, BostonGoogle Scholar
- , Lamb R. B. Toward a strategic theory of the firm. Competitive Strategic Management (1984) (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) 556–570Google Scholar
- Product design partitions with complementary components. J. Econom. Behav. Organ. (1999) 38(3):311–330Crossref, Google Scholar
- Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization (1957) 2nd ed.(Macmillan, New York) Google Scholar
- The architecture of complexity. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1962) 106:467–482Google Scholar
- Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances. Strategic Management J. (1999) 20(7):595–623Crossref, Google Scholar
- Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management J. (1996) 17(Winter):27–43Crossref, Google Scholar
- Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Sci. (1985) 4:199–214Link, Google Scholar
- Organizations in Action (1967) (McGraw-Hill, New York) Google Scholar
- The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm. Res. Policy (1995) 24:419–440Crossref, Google Scholar
- Give ERP a chance. Management Rev. (2000) 89(3):20–24Google Scholar
- Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting (1985) (Free Press, New York) Google Scholar
- , Teece D. Knowledge and competence as strategic assets. The Competitive Challenge (1987) (Ballinger, Cambridge, MA) 159–184Google Scholar
- , Montgomery C. A. The four Rs of profitability: Rents, resources, routines, and replication. Resource-Based and Evolutionary Theories of the Firm: Towards a Synthesis (1995) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston) 147–178Crossref, Google Scholar

