Hiring Preferences in Online Labor Markets: Evidence of a Female Hiring Bias
Published Online:27 Jun 2017https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2756
References
- (2016) Does standardized information in online markets disproportionately benefit job applicants from less developed countries? J. Internat. Econom. 103(November):1–12.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Digitization and the contract labor market: A research agenda. Goldfarb A, Greenstein SM, Tucker CE, eds. Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy (University of Chicago Press, Chicago), 219–250.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Interaction terms in logit and probit models. Econom. Lett. 80(1):123–129.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Employer learning and statistical discrimination. Quart. J. Econom. 116(1):313–350.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Beauty, gender and stereotypes: Evidence from laboratory experiments. J. Econom. Psych. 29(1):73–93.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Wiring the labor market. J. Econom. Perspect. 15(1):25–40.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Reducing buyer search costs: Implications for electronic marketplaces. Management Sci. 43(12):1676–1692.Link, Google Scholar
- (2010) Do employers discriminate by gender? A field experiment in female-dominated occupations. Econom. Lett. 107(2):236–238.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Frictionless commerce? A comparison of Internet and conventional retailers. Management Sci. 46(4):563–585.Link, Google Scholar
- (2003) Consumer surplus in the digital economy: Estimating the value of increased product variety at online booksellers. Management Sci. 49(11):1580–1596.Link, Google Scholar
- (2010) Stata tip 87: Interpretation of interactions in nonlinear models. Stata J. 10(2):305–308.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Reducing medical bankruptcy through crowdfunding: Evidence from GiveForward. 35th Internat. Conf. Inform. Systems (Auckland, New Zealand).Google Scholar
- (2011) Does hiring discrimination cause gender segregation in the swedish labor market? Feminist Econom. 17(3):71–102.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1977) Sexism and beautyism in personnel consultant decision making. J. Appl. Psych. 62(3):301–310.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Engineers and engineeresses? Self-conceptions and the development of gendered professional identities. Sociol. Perspect. 58(1):56–77.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Task segregation as a mechanism for within-job inequality: Women and men of the transportation security administration. Admin. Sci. Quart. 61(2):184–216.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Internet’s dirty secret: Assessing the impact of online intermediaries on HIV transmission. MIS Quart. 38(4):955–975.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Applicant reactions to face-to-face and technology-mediated interviews: A field investigation. J. Appl. Psych. 88(5):944–953.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Working for the woman? Female managers and the gender wage gap. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 72(5):681–704.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Presence: Bringing Your Boldest Self to Your Biggest Challenge (Little Brown and Company, New York).Google Scholar
- (2011) The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments, and their outcomes in organizations. Res. Organ. Behavior 31(2011):73–98.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Evidence on discrimination in employment: Codes of color, codes of gender. J. Econom. Perspect. 12(2):63–90.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Gender differences in information processing strategies: An empirical test of the selectivity model in advertising response. J. Advertising 24(1):41–56.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) The digitization of word of mouth: Promise and challenges of online feedback mechanisms. Management Sci. 49(10):1407–1424.Link, Google Scholar
- (2008) Media, tasks, and communication processes: A theory of media synchronicity. MIS Quart. 32(3):575–600.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) From bench to board: Gender differences in university scientists’ participation in corporate scientific advisory boards. Acad. Management J. 56(5):1443–1464.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1977) Sex and physical attractiveness of raters and applicants as determinants of resume evaluations. J. Appl. Psych. 62(3):288–294.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) What is beautiful is good, but…: A meta-analytic review of research on physical attractiveness stereotype. Psych. Bull. 110(1):109–128.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Gender and negotiation in the small: Are women (perceived to be) more cooperative than men? Negotiation J. 24(4):429–445.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Digital discrimination: The case of Airbnb.com. Harvard Business School NOM Unit Working Paper 14-054, Harvard Business School , Boston.Google Scholar
- (1984) Social Cognition (Random House, New York).Google Scholar
- (2002) A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 82(6):878–902.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Competition between local and electronic markets: How the benefit of buying online depends on where you live. Management Sci. 55(1):47–57.Link, Google Scholar
- Freelancers Union and Elance-oDesk (2014) Freelancing in America: A national survey of the new workforce. Report, https://fu-web-storage-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/content/filer_public/7c/45/7c457488-0740-4bc4-ae45-0aa60daac531/freelancinginamerica_report.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2008) Estimating age, gender, and identity using first name priors. Presentation, IEEE Conf. Comput. Vision Pattern Recognition, IEEE, New York.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Face age classification on consumer images with Gabor feature and fuzzy LDA method. Tistarelli M, Nixon MS, eds. Adv. Biometrics (Springer, Berlin).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Vocal minority and silent majority: How do online ratings reflect population perceptions of quality. MIS Quart. 39(3):565–590.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) E-commerce: The role of familiarity and trust. Omega 28(6):725–737.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model. MIS Quart. 27(1):51–90.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of “blind” auditions on female musicians. Amer. Econom. Rev. 90(4):715–741.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Gender stereotypes, same-gender preferences, and organizational variation in the hiring of women: Evidence from law firms. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 70(4):702–728.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1983) A logit model of brand choice calibrated on scanner data. Marketing Sci. 2(3):203–238.Link, Google Scholar
- (1998) Gender and ethnic classification of face images. Third IEEE Internat. Conf. Automatic Face Gesture Recognition, 194–199.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Putting your best face forward: The accuracy of online dating photographs. J. Comm. 59(2):367–386.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Matching and sorting in online dating. Amer. Econom. Rev. 100(1):130–163.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1983) Dimensions of national cultures in fifty countries and three regions. Deregowksi JB, Dziurawiec S, Annis RC, eds. Expiscations in Cross-Cultural Psychology (Lisse, Netherlands), 335–355.Google Scholar
- (2012) Are global online labor markets truly “flat”? Global frictions and global labor arbitrage. Working paper, Arizona State University, Tucson.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Overcoming the J-shaped distribution of product reviews. Comm. ACM 52(10):144–147.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) Homophily and differential returns: Sex differences in network structure and access in an advertising firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. 37(3):422–447.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Beauty, weight, and skin color in charitable giving. J. Econom. Behavior Organ. 119(November):234–253.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. Amer. Econom. Rev. 93(5):1449–1475.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Interaction terms in nonlinear models. Health Services Res. 47(1 Pt 1):255–274.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Kelly Services, Inc. (2014) Global talent market quarterly, first quarter 2014. Report, http://www.kellyocg.com/uploadedFiles/7-KellyOCG/2-Knowledge/Workforce_Trends/Q1_2014_Global_Talent_Market_Quarterly.pdfTalent_Market_Quarterly.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2008) A trust-based consumer decision making model in electronic commerce: The role of trust, perceived risk, and their antecedents. Decision Support Systems 44(2):544–564.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Reputation transferability in online labor markets. Management Sci. 62(6):1687–1706.Link, Google Scholar
- (2006) The effects of personalization and familiarity on trust and adoption of recommendation agents. MIS Quart. 30(4):941–960.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Internet job search and unemployment durations. Amer. Econom. Rev. 94(1):218–232.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Does information really “unravel”? Understanding factors that motivate sellers to seek third-party certifications in an online labor market. Working paper, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
- (1979) Trust and Power (Wiley, Chichester, UK).Google Scholar
- (1995) An integrative model of organizational trust. Acad. Management Rev. 20(3):709–734.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1975) Power: The Inner Experience (Irving, New York).Google Scholar
- (1973) Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior. Zarembka P, ed. Frontiers in Econometrics (Academic Press, New York), 105–142.Google Scholar
- (2005) Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: A meta-analytic study. J. Appl. Psych. 90(1):53–76.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Exploring differences in males’ and females’ processing strategies. J. Consumer Res. 18(1):63–70.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Sex discrimination in restaurant hiring: An audit study. Quart. J. Econom. 111(3):915–941.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Trust, social categories, and individuals: The case of gender. Motivation Emotion 18(2):109–128.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Electronic and physical market channels: A multiyear investigation in a market for products of uncertain quality. Management Sci. 55(6):940–957.Link, Google Scholar
- (2009) Discrimination in a low-wage labor market: A field experiment. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 74(5):777–799.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Inefficient hiring in entry-level labor markets. Amer. Econom. Rev. 104(11):3565–3599.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Building effective online marketplaces with institution-based trust. Inform. Systems Res. 15(1):37–59.Link, Google Scholar
- (1976) Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making: An information search and protocol analysis. Organ. Behav. Human Performance 16(2):366–387.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Explaining gender-based selection decisions: A synthesis of contextual and cognitive approaches. Acad. Management Rev. 19(4):786–820.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) What’s in a picture?: Evidence of discrimination from Prosper.com. J. Human Resources 46(1):53–92.Google Scholar
- (2012) Love and loans: The effect of beauty and personal characteristics in credit markets. Working paper, Columbia University, New York.Google Scholar
- (1982) Physical attractiveness in social interaction: II. Why does appearance affect social experience? J. Personality Soc. Psych. 43(5):979–996.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) How stereotypes impair women’s careers in sciences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111(12):4403–4408.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Field experiments of discrimination in the market place. Econom. J. 112(483):F480–F518.Google Scholar
- (1974) Influence of sex role stereotypes on personnel decisions. J. Appl. Psych. 59(1):9–14.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Costly bidding in online markets for it services. Management Sci. 49(11):1504–1520.Link, Google Scholar
- (2009) Feminization of management leads to backlash against agentic applicants: Lack of social skills, not gender, determines low hireability judgements in a student sample. Psych. Sci. Quart. 51(1):16–46.Google Scholar
- (1989) Joan McKay versus John McKay: Do gender stereotypes bias evaluations? Psych. Bull. 105(3):409–429.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Exploiting homophily effect for trust prediction Proc. 6th ACM Internat. Conf. Web Search Data Mining (ACM, New York), 53–62.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1974) Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science 185(4157):1124–1131.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Screening job applicants: The impact of physical attractiveness and application quality. Internat. J. Selection Assessment 8(2):76–84.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1972) Subject effects in laboratory research: An examination of subject roles, demand characteristics, and valid inference. Psych. Bulletin 77(4):273–295.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Who’s the boss? Explaining gender inequality in entrepreneurial teams. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 79(2):303–327.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) An experimental study on automatic face gender classification. 18th Internat. Conf. Pattern Recognition, Vol. 3, 1099–1102.Google Scholar
- (2013) The value of reputation in an online freelance marketplace. Marketing Sci. 32(6):860–891.Link, Google Scholar
- (1991) The impact of job applicants’ facial maturity, gender, and academic achievement on hiring recommendations. J. Appl. Soc. Psych. 21(7):525–548.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) How video rental patterns change as consumers move online. Management Sci. 59(11):2622–2634.Link, Google Scholar
- (1978) Influence of sex and scholastic performance on reactions to job applicant resumes. J. Appl. Psych. 63(2):252–254.Crossref, Google Scholar

