The Role of Beliefs in Driving Gender Discrimination
Published Online:4 Feb 2021https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3660
References
- (1999) Race and gender in the labor market. Ashenfelter O, Card D, eds. Handbook of Labor Economics, Handbooks in Economics, vol. 3C (Elsevier, Amsterdam), 3143–3259.Google Scholar
- (1973) The theory of discrimination. Ashenfelter O, Rees A, eds. Discrimination in Labor Markets (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ), 3–33.Google Scholar
- (1995) Race and gender discrimination in bargaining for a new car. Amer. Econom. Rev. 85(3):304–321.Google Scholar
- (2014) Gender and the labor market: What have we learned from field and lab experiments? Labour Econom. 30(C):32–40.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Do employer preferences contribute to sticky floors? Ind. Labor Relations Rev. 69(3):714–736.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Can gender parity break the glass ceiling? Evidence from a repeated randomized experiment. Rev. Econom. Stud. 77(4):1301–1328.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Attention discrimination: Theory and field experiments with monitoring information acquisition. Amer. Econom. Rev. 106(6):1437–1475.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1957) The Economics of Discrimination (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
- (2011) New perspectives on gender. Card D, Ashenfelter O, eds. Handbook of Labor Economics, Handbooks in Economics, vol. 4B (North Holland, Amsterdam), 1543–1590.Google Scholar
- (2017) Field experiments on discrimination. Banerjee AV, Duflo E, eds. Handbook of Economic Field Experiments, Handbook of Field Experiments, vol. 1 (North Holland, Amsterdam),309–393.Google Scholar
- (2004) Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. Amer. Econom. Rev. 94(4):991–1013.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) The division of spoils: Rent-sharing and discrimination in a regulated industry. Amer. Econom. Rev. 91(4):814–831.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) The gender wage gap: Extent, trends, and explanations. J. Econom. Literature 55(3):789–865.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) When performance trumps gender bias: Joint versus separate evaluation. Management Sci. 62(5):1225–1234.Link, Google Scholar
- (2019) The dynamics of discrimination: Theory and evidence. Amer. Econom. Rev. 109(10): 3395–3436.Google Scholar
- (2016) Stereotypes. Quart. J. Econom. 131(4):1753–1794.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) Beliefs about gender. Amer. Econom. Rev. 109(3):739–773.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: Sometimes it does hurt to ask. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 103(1):84–103.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psych. Bull. 86(2):307–324.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) The boy crisis: Experimental evidence on the acceptance of males falling behind. NNH Department of Economics Discussion Paper No. 06/2019, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway.Google Scholar
- (2016) Bargaining, sorting, and the gender wage gap: Quantifying the impact of firms on the relative pay of women. Quart. J. Econom. 131(2):633–686.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Discrimination in the lab: Does information trump appearance? Games Econom. Behav. 68(1):50–59.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Gender differences in bargaining outcomes: A field experiment on discrimination. J. Public Econom. 99(March):35–48.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Prejudice and wages: An empirical assessment of Becker’s The Economics of Discrimination. J. Political Econom. 116(5):773–809.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Studying discrimination: Fundamental challenges and recent progress. Annu. Rev. Econom. 3(1):479–511.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) The potential of social identity for equilibrium selection. Amer. Econom. Rev. 101(6):2562–2589.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Group identity and social preferences. Amer. Econom. Rev. 99(1):431–457.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Which hat to wear? Impact of natural identities on coordination and cooperation. Games Econom. Behav. 84(March):58–86.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Evidence on self-stereotyping and the contribution of ideas. Quart J. Econom. 129(4):1625–1660.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Gender differences in preferences. J. Econom. Literature 47(2):448–474.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Exploiting moral wiggle room: experiments demonstrating an illusory preference for fairness. Econom. Theory 33(1):67–80.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) Disguised discrimination. Working paper, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Google Scholar
- (2015) Gender discrimination and evaluators’ gender: Evidence from Italian academia. Economica 82(325):162–188.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Statistical discrimination in labor markets: An experimental analysis. Southern Econom. J. 76(1):16–31.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Wages, employment, and statistical discrimination: Evidence from the laboratory. Econom. Inquiry 52(4):1380–1391.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) The visible hand: Race and online market outcomes. Econom. J. 123(572):F469–F492.Google Scholar
- (2016) Excusing selfishness in charitable giving: The role of risk. Rev. Econom. Stud. 83(2):587–628.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Discrimination in a segmented society: An experimental approach. Quart. J. Econom. 116(1):351–377.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Motivated Bayesians: Feeling moral while acting egoistically. J. Econom. Perspect. 30(3):189–212.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Toward an understanding of why people discriminate: Evidence from a series of natural field experiments. NBER Working Paper No. 17855, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- (2014) A grand gender convergence: Its last chapter. Amer. Econom. Rev. 104(4):1091–1119.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of “blind” auditions on female musicians. Amer. Econom. Rev. 90(4):715–741.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Taste-based or statistical discrimination: The economics of discrimination returns to its roots. Econom. J. 123(572):F417–F432.Google Scholar
- (2010) Self-serving interpretations of ambiguity in other-regarding behavior. Games Econom. Behav. 68(2):614–625.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Number sense across the lifespan as revealed by a massive internet-based sample. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109(28):11116–11120.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Identifying social norms using coordination games: Why does dictator game sharing vary? J. Eur. Econom. Assoc. 11(3):495–524.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1990) The case for motivated reasoning. Psych. Bull. 108(3):480–498.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Asian Americans and workplace discrimination: The interplay between sex of evaluators and the perception of social skills. J. Organ. Behav. 34(3):310–326.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) The nature and extent of discrimination in the marketplace: Evidence from the field. Quart. J. Econom. 119(1):48–89.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Temporal distance and discrimination: An audit study in academia. Psych. Sci. 23(7):710–717.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) What happens before? A field experiment exploring how pay and representation differentially shape bias on the pathway into organizations. J. Appl. Psych. 100(6):1678–1712.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Why beauty matters. Amer. Econom. Rev. 96(1):222–235.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109(41):16474–16479.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Sex discrimination in restaurant hiring: An audit study. Quart. J. Econom. 111(3):915–941.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Gender. Kagel J, Roth AE, eds. Handbook of Experimental Economics, vol. 2 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ),481–553.Google Scholar
- (2016) The evolution of gender gaps in industrialized countries. Annu. Rev. Econom. 8(1):405–434.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Judgment Decision Making 5(5):411–419.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1972) The statistical theory of racism and sexism. Amer. Econom. Rev. 62(4):659–661.Google Scholar
- (2012) The promise of Mechanical Turk: How online labor markets can help theorists run behavioral experiments. J. Theoret. Biol. 299(April):172–179.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) Familiarity does not breed contempt: Generosity, discrimination, and diversity in Delhi schools. Amer. Econom. Rev. 109(3):774–809.Google Scholar
- (2014) How stereotypes impair women’s careers in science. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111(12):4403–4408.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Field experiments of discrimination in the market place. Econom. J. 112(483):F480–F518.Google Scholar
- (2017a) Interpreting signals in the labor market: Evidence from medical referrals. Working paper, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago.Google Scholar
- (2017b) Recognition for group work: Gender differences in academia. Amer. Econom. Rev. 107(5):141–145.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1971) Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. Eur. J. Soc. Psych. 1(2):149–178.Crossref, Google Scholar

