The Disciplining Effect of Status: Evaluator Status Awards and Observed Gender Bias in Evaluations

References

• Abraham M (2019) Gender-role incongruity and audience-based gender bias: An examination of networking among entrepreneurs. Admin. Sci. Quart. 65(1):151–180.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Azoulay P, Stuart T, Wang Y (2014) Matthew: Effect or fable? Management Sci. 60(1):92–109.Link, Google Scholar
• Becker GS (1957) The Economics of Discrimination (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
• Becker GS (1964) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education (Columbia University Press, New York).Google Scholar
• Beckman CM, Phillips DJ (2005) Interorganizational determinants of promotion: Client leadership and the attainment of women attorneys. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 70(4):678–701.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Benner C (2016) Racial and gender occupational segregation in the restaurant industry. Technical report, Restaurant Opportunities Center United, New York.Google Scholar
• Berger J (1977) Status Characteristics and Social Interaction: An Expectation-States Approach (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam).Google Scholar
• Blackwell M, Iacus SM, King G, Porro G (2009) CEM: Coarsened Exact Matching in Stata. Stata J. 9(4):524–546.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bohren A, Imas AO, Rosenberg M (2019) The dynamics of discrimination: Theory and evidence. Amer. Econom. Rev. 109(10):3395–3436.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Botelho TL (2017) Audience to evaluator: The effect of social influence in evaluation processes (Academy of Management Proceedings, Briarcliff Manor, NY), 1:11342.Google Scholar
• Botelho TL, Abraham M (2017) Pursuing quality: How search costs and uncertainty magnify gender-based double standards in a multistage evaluation process. Admin. Sci. Quart. 62(4):698–730.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bothner MS, Kim Y-K, Smith EB (2012) How does status affect performance? Status as an asset vs. status as a liability in the PGA and NASCAR. Organ. Sci. 23(2):416–433.Link, Google Scholar
• Bowers A, Prato M (2018) The structural origins of unearned status: How arbitrary changes in categories affect status position and market impact. Admin. Sci. Quart. 63(3):668–699.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bowles HR, Gelfand M (2010) Status and the evaluation of workplace deviance. Psych. Sci. 21(1):49–54.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brooks AW, Huang L, Kearney SW, Murray FE (2014) Investors prefer entrepreneurial ventures pitched by attractive men. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111(12):4427–4431.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Card D, DellaVigna S, Funk P, Iriberri N (2019) Are referees and editors in economics gender neutral? Quart. J. Econom. 135(1):269–327.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Castilla EJ (2008) Gender, race, and meritocracy in organizational careers. Amer. J. Sociol. 113(6):1479–1526.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chevalier JA, Mayzlin D (2006) The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews. J. Marketing Res. 43(3):345–354.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Correll SJ, Benard S, Paik I (2007) Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty? Amer. J. Sociol. 112(5):1297–1338.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Eagly AH, Karau SJ (2002) Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psych. Rev. 109(3):573–598.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Mateo I, King Z (2011) Anticipatory sorting and gender segregation in temporary employment. Management Sci. 57(6):989–1008.Link, Google Scholar
• Gallus J (2017) Fostering public good contributions with symbolic awards: A large-scale natural field experiment at Wikipedia. Management Sci. 63(12):3999–4015.Link, Google Scholar
• Garnham A, Doehren S, Gygax P (2015) True gender ratios and stereotype rating norms. Front. Psych. 6:1023.Google Scholar
• Goldin C, Rouse C (2000) Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of “blind” auditions on female musicians. Amer. Econom. Rev. 90(4):715–741.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gould RV (2002) The origins of status hierarchies: A formal theory and empirical test. Amer. J. Sociol. 107(5):1143–1178.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Graffin SD, Bundy J, Porac JF, Wade JB, Quinn DP (2013) Falls from grace and the hazards of high status: The 2009 British MP expense scandal and its impact on Parliamentary elites. Admin. Sci. Quart. 58(3):313–345.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hollander EP (1958) Conformity, status, and idiosyncrasy credit. Psych. Rev. 65(2):117–127.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Homans GC (1951) The Human Group (Transaction Publishers, Piscataway, NJ).Google Scholar
• Iacus SM, King G, Porro G (2011) Multivariate matching methods that are monotonic imbalance bounding. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 106(493):345–361.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Iacus SM, King G, Porro G (2012) Causal inference without balance checking: Coarsened exact matching. Polit. Anal. 20(1):1–24.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jensen M (2006) Should we stay or should we go? Accountability, status anxiety, and client defections. Admin. Sci. Quart. 51(1):97–128.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kahneman D, Knetsch JL, Thaler RH (1990) Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase theorem. J. Polit. Econom. 98(6):1325–1348.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kim JW, King BG (2014) Seeing stars: Matthew effects and status bias in Major League Baseball umpiring. Management Sci. 60(11):2619–2644.Link, Google Scholar
• Kovács B, Sharkey AJ (2014) The paradox of publicity how awards can negatively affect the evaluation of quality. Admin. Sci. Quart. 59(1):1–33.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lerner JS, Tetlock PE (1999) Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psych. Bull. 125(2):255–275.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Leung MD, Koppman S (2018) Taking a pass: How proportional prejudice and decisions not to hire reproduce gender segregation. Amer. J. Sociol. 124(3):762–813.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Luca M (2016) Reviews, reputation, and revenue: The case of Yelp. com. Working paper, Harvard Business School, Boston.Google Scholar
• Lynn FB, Podolny JM, Tao L (2009) A sociological (de)construction of the relationship between status and quality. Amer. J. Sociol. 115(3):755–804.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Malmendier U, Tate G (2009) Superstar CEOs. Quart. J. Econom. 124(4):1593–1638.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Merton RK (1968) The Matthew effect in science: The reward and communication systems of science are considered. Science 159(3810):56–63.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Perez C (2020) Elites honored nationwide at annual Yelpies. Accessed November 1, 2020, https://blog.yelp.com/2020/02/elites-honored-nationwide-at-annual-yelpies.Google Scholar
• Phillips DJ, Zuckerman EW (2001) Middle-status conformity: Theoretical restatement and empirical demonstration in two markets. Amer. J. Sociol. 107(2):379–429.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Podolny JM (1993) A status-based model of market competition. Amer. J. Sociol. 98(4):829–872.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Podolny JM (2005) Status Signals: A Sociological Study of Market Competition (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Google Scholar
• Podolny JM, Phillips DJ (1996) The dynamics of organizational status. Indust. Corporate Change 5(2):453–471.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Restivo M, van de Rijt A (2012) Experimental study of informal rewards in peer production. PLoS One 7(3):e34358.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rhee M, Haunschild PR (2006) The liability of good reputation: A study of product recalls in the U.S. automobile industry. Organ. Sci. 17(1):101–117.Link, Google Scholar
• Rivera LA, Tilcsik A (2019) Scaling down inequality: Rating scales, gender bias, and the architecture of evaluation. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 84(2):248–274.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schopler J, Insko CA, Drigotas SM, Wieselquist J, Pemberton MB, Cox C (1995) The role of identifiability in the reduction of interindividual-intergroup discontinuity. J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 31(6):553–574.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Shaban H (2019) Uber will ban passengers with low ratings. Washington Post (May 29), https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/05/29/uber-will-ban-passengers-with-low-ratings/.Google Scholar
• Simcoe TS, Waguespack DM (2011) Status, quality, and attention: What’s in a (missing) name? Management Sci. 57(2):274–290.Link, Google Scholar
• Spence M (1973) Job market signaling. Quart. J. Econom. 87(3):355–374.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tetlock PE (1983) Accountability and complexity of thought. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 45(1):74–83.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tetlock PE, Kim J (1987) Accountability and overconfidence in a personality prediction task. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 52(4):700–709.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Veblen T (1899) The Theory of the Leisure Class (Routledge, Abingdon, UK).Google Scholar
• Walker HA, Ridgeway CL (1985) Status structures. Cook KS, Fine GA, House JS, eds. Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology (Allyn and Bacon, Boston), 281–310.Google Scholar
• Williams K, Harkins SG, Latané B (1981) Identifiability as a deterrent to social loafing: Two cheering experiments. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 40(2):303–311.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Yelp (2019) Yelp - Company - Fast facts. Accessed December 15, 2019, https://www.yelp-press.com/company/fast-facts/default.aspx.Google Scholar
• Yelp (2020) What is Yelp’s Elite squad? Accessed February 20, 2020, https://www.yelp-support.com/article/What-is-Yelps-Elite-Squad?l=en_US.Google Scholar
• Zhang L (2019) Who loses when a team wins? Better performance increases racial bias. Organ. Sci. 30(1):40–50.Link, Google Scholar