CEO Characteristics and Firm R&D Spending

References

• Bantel K. A., Jackson S. E. Top management innovations in banking: Does the composition of the top team make a difference? Strat. Management J. (1989) 10(Special Issue):107–124Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baysinger B. D., Hoskisson R. E. Diversification strategy and R&D intensity in multiproduct firms. Acad. Management J. (1989) 32:310–332Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baysinger B. D., Kosnik R. D., Turk T. A. Effects of board and ownership structure on corporate R&D strategy. Acad. Management J. (1991) 34:205–214Crossref, Google Scholar
• Beyer J. M., Chattopadhyay P., George E., Glick W. H., Ogilvie D., Pugliese D. The selective perception of managers revisited. Acad. Management J. (1997) 40:716–737Crossref, Google Scholar
• Buchholtz A. K., Ribbens B. A. The role of chief executive officers in takeover resistance: Effects of CEO incentives and individual differences. Acad. Management J. (1994) 37:554–579Crossref, Google Scholar
• Business Week (1000, 1989, 1990) Special issuesGoogle Scholar
• Business Week R&D Scoreboard (1989, 1990) Special issuesGoogle Scholar
• Business Week: The Corporate Elite (1988, 1989) Special issuesGoogle Scholar
• Chaganti R., Sambharya R. Strategic orientation and characteristics of upper management. Strat. Management J. (1987) 8:393–401Crossref, Google Scholar
• Child J. Managerial and organizational factors associated with company performance. J. Management Stud. (1974) 11:13–27Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cho M. Ownership structure, investment, and the corporate value: An empirical analysis. J. Financial Econom. (1998) 47:103–121Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chown S. M. The Wesley rigidity inventory: A factor-analytic approach. J. Abnormal Social Psych. (1960) 61:491–494Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cyert R. M., March J. G.A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (1963) (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) Google Scholar
• Daellenbach U. S., McCarthy A. M., Schoenecker T. S. Commitment to innovation: The impact of top management team characteristics. R & D Management (1999) 29:199–209Crossref, Google Scholar
• Datta D. K., P Guthrie J. Executive succession: Organizational antecedents of CEO characteristics. Strat. Management J. (1994) 15:569–577Crossref, Google Scholar
• Davis R., Duhaime I. M. Diversification, vertical integration, and industry analysis: New perspectives and measurement. Strat. Management J. (1992) 13:511–524Crossref, Google Scholar
• Davis R., Thomas L. G. Direct estimation of synergy: A new approach to the diversity-performance debate. Management Science (1993) 39:1334–1346Link, Google Scholar
• Dearborn C. C., Simon H. A. Selective perception: A note on the department identifications of executives. Sociometry (1958) 21:140–144Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dechow P., Sloan R. Executive incentives and the time horizon problem. J. Accounting Econom. (1991) 14:51–89Crossref, Google Scholar
• Denis D. J., Denis D. K., Sarin A. Ownership structure and top executive turnover. J. Financial Econom. (1997) 45:193–221Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dun and Bradstreet's Reference Book of Corporate Managements(Various issues(Dun & Bradstreet, Bethlehem, PA) Google Scholar
• Ettlie J. E. R&D and global manufacturing performance. Management Sci. (1998) 44:1–11Link, Google Scholar
• von Eye A., Schuster C.Regression Analysis for Social Sciences (1998) (Academic Press, San Diego, CA) Google Scholar
• Finkelstein S., Hambrick D. C.Strategic Leadership: Top Executives and Their Effects on Organizations (1996) (West Publishing Company, St. Paul, MN) Google Scholar
• Graves S. B. Institutional ownership and corporate R&D in the computer industry. Acad. Management J. (1988) 31:417–427Crossref, Google Scholar
• Green S. Top management support of R&D projects: A strategic leadership perspective. IEEE Trans. Engrg. Management (1995) 42:223–234Crossref, Google Scholar
• Grimm C. M., Smith K. G. Management and organizational change: A note on the railroad industry. Strat. Management J. (1991) 12:557–562Crossref, Google Scholar
• Guthrie J. P., Datta D. K. Contextual influences on executive selection: Firm characteristics and CEO experience. J. Management Stud. (1997) 34:537–560Crossref, Google Scholar
• Guthrie J. P., Datta D. K. Corporate strategy, executive selection and firm performance. Human Resource Management (1998) 37:101–115Crossref, Google Scholar
• Guthrie J. P., Olian J. D. Does context affect staffing decisions? The case of general managers. Personnel Psych. (1991) 44:263–292Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hambrick D. C., Fukutomi G. D. The seasons of a CEO's tenure. Acad. Management Rev. (1991) 16:719–742Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hambrick D. C., Mason P. Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Acad. Management Rev. (1984) 9:193–206Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hambrick D. C., Black S., Fredrickson J. W., Gomez-Mejia L. R., Lawless M. W. Executive leadership of the high-technology firm: What's so special about it? Advances in Global High-Technology Management (1992) 2(JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 3–18Google Scholar
• Hambrick D. C., Henderson A. D., Miller D. Temporal dynamics of CEO tenures. (1999) . Paper presented at the 1999 Academy of Management Meeting, Chicago, ILGoogle Scholar
• Hansen G. S., Hill C. W. L. Are institutional investors myopic? A time series study of four technology-driven industries. Strat. Management J. (1991) 12:1–16Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hill C. W. L., Snell S. A. Effects of ownership structure and control on corporate productivity. Acad. Management J. (1989) 32:25–46Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hill C., Hitt M. A., Hoskisson R. E. Declining U.S. competitiveness, reflections on a crisis. Acad. Management Exec. (1988) 2(1):51–60Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hitt M. A., Tyler B. B. Strategic decision models: Integrating different perspectives. Strat. Management J. (1991) 12:327–351Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hitt M. A., Hoskisson R. E., Ireland R. D., Harrison J. S. Effects of acquisitions on R&D inputs and outputs. Acad. Management J. (1991) 34:693–706Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hoskisson R. E., Hitt M. A. Strategic control systems and relative R&D investment in large multiproduct firms. Strat. Management J. (1988) 9:605–621Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hundley G., Jacobson C. K., Park S. H. Effects of profitability and liquidity on R&D intensity: Japanese and U.S. companies compared. Acad. Management J. (1996) 39:1659–1674Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jensen M. C., Murphy K. J. Performance pay and top-management incentives. J. Political Econom. (1990) 98:225–265Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kay I. T. Growing shareholder value: Why executive stock ownership works. Compensation Benefits Rev. (1999) 32(1):32–37Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kimberly J. R., Evanisko M. J. Organizational innovation: The influence of individual, organizational and contextual factors on hospital adoption of technical and administrative innovations. Acad. Management J. (1981) 24:689–713Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lawrence B. S. The black box of organizational demography. Organ. Sci. (1997) 8:1–22Link, Google Scholar
• Lieberson S., O'Connor J. F. Leadership and organizational performance: A study of large corporations. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1972) 36:117–130Crossref, Google Scholar
• Long W. F., Ravenscraft D. J. LBOs, debt and R&D intensity. Strat. Management J. (1993) 14:119–135Crossref, Google Scholar
• MacCrimmon K. R., Wehrung D. A.Taking Risks: The Management of Uncertainty (1986) (Free Press, New York) Google Scholar
• Mansfield E.Industrial Research and Technological Innovation (1968) (Norton, New York) Google Scholar
• Markides C. C., Williamson P. J. Related diversification, core competences and corporate performance. Strat. Management J. (1994) 15:149–165Crossref, Google Scholar
• May D. O. Do managerial motives influence firm risk reduction strategies? J. Finance (1995) 50:1291–1309Crossref, Google Scholar
• Michel J. G., Hambrick D. C. Diversification posture and top management team characteristics. Acad. Management J. (1992) 35:9–37Crossref, Google Scholar
• Miles R. A., Snow C. C.Organization Strategy, Structure and Process (1978) (McGraw-Hill, New York) Google Scholar
• Miller D. Stale in the saddle: CEO tenure and the match between organization and environment. Management Sci. (1991) 37:34–52Link, Google Scholar
• Miller D., Kets de Vries M. F. R., Toulouse J. Top executive locus of control and its relationship to strategy-making, structure, and environment. Acad. Management J. (1982) 25:221–235Google Scholar
• Palepu K. Diversification strategy profit performance, and the entropy measure. Strat. Management J. (1985) 6:239–255Crossref, Google Scholar
• Porter M. E. Capital disadvantage: America's failing capital investment system. Harvard Bus. Rev. (1992) 70(5):65–82Google Scholar
• Rajagopolan N., Datta D. K. CEO characteristics: Does industry matter? Acad. Management J. (1996) 39:197–215Crossref, Google Scholar
• Scherer F. M.Innovation and Growth: Schumpetarian Perspectives (1984) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
• Schumpeter J. A.Capitalism Socialism and Democracy (1942) (Harper and Row, New York) Google Scholar
• Smith A. Corporate ownership structure and performance: The case of management buyouts. J. Financial Econ. (1991) 27:143–164Crossref, Google Scholar
• Thomas A. B. Does leadership make a difference to organizational performance? Admin. Sci. Quart. (1988) 33:388–400Crossref, Google Scholar
• Thomas A. S., Litschert R. J., Ramaswamy K. The performance impact of strategy-manager coalignment: An empirical examination. Strat. Management J. (1991) 12:509–522Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tyler B. B., Steensma H. K. The effects of executives' experiences and perceptions on their assessment of potential technical alliances. Strat. Management J. (1998) 19:939–965Crossref, Google Scholar
• Waller M. J., Huber G. P., Glick W. H. Functional background as a determinant of executives' selective perception. Acad. Management J. (1995) 38:943–974Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wally S., Baum J. Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making. Acad. Management J. (1994) 37:932–956Crossref, Google Scholar
• Walsh J. P. Selectivity and selective perception: An investigation of managers' belief structures and information processing. Acad. Management J. (1988) 31:873–896Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ward A., Sonnenfeld J. A., Kimberly J. R. In search of a kingdom: Determinants of subsequent career outcomes for chief executives who are fired. Human Resource Management (1995) 34:117–139Crossref, Google Scholar
• Weiner N., Mahoney T. A. A model of corporate performance as function of environmental, organizational and leadership influences. Acad. Management J. (1981) 24:453–470Crossref, Google Scholar
• Who's Who in Finance and Industry(Various issues(Chicago, IL). Marquis Who's WhoGoogle Scholar
• Zahra S., Pearce J. Board of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrative model. J. Management. (1989) 15:291–334Crossref, Google Scholar