The authors are grateful to the Government Accountability Office (GAO) along with multiple government contractor firms, contracting officers, and lawyers for answering their questions on bid protest data and regulations. The authors thank Ran Duchin (AFA discussant) and John Bai (MFA discussant) for insightful discussions. The authors also thank conference participants at the 2020 AFA conference, 2020 MFA Annual Meeting, 2020 American Law and Economics Association (ALEA) Annual Meeting, and seminar participants at Clemson University, Emory University, Penn State University, and Temple University for useful comments and suggestions. Yuchen Li, Terrence O’Brien, and Han Xiao provided excellent research assistance. All errors are the authors’.