The authors thank Drs. A. P. J. Vlaar, W. J. Wiersinga, F. Uhel, B. Scicluna, and N. van Mourik (Amsterdam University Medical Center) for discussions. The authors thank presentation attendees at Columbia, Duke Fuqua School of Business, INSEAD, Wharton, and at the following conferences and workshops: Applied Probability Society, MSOM, INFORMS Annual Meeting, the Workshop on Information and Learning in Decisions and Operations, and the Workshop on Technological Innovation in Health Care Delivery at the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation.