The authors thank Jeremy Bertomeu, Ed deHaan, Paul Fischer, Stephen Glaeser, John Kepler, Ivan Marinovic, Haresh Sapra, Joe Weber, Suraj Srinivasan, an anonymous associate editor, and two anonymous reviewers as well as seminar participants at the University of Washington and the 2017 Wharton Spring Accounting Conference for helpful comments. They thank Ian Gow and Stella Park for programming assistance and thank their respective schools for financial support.