The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful comments from Brian Akins, Aaron Brauner, Sudipta Basu, Eddy Cardinaels, Yiwei Dou, Andrew Doucet, Yadav Gopalan, Stephan Hollander, Koren Jo, Philip Joos, Scott Liao, Linda Myers, Grace Pownall, Gohn Rhee, Katherine Schipper, Gary Tian, Chong Wang, Feng Wu, Nan Yang, and Youli Zou. This paper also benefited from comments from seminar participants at the Paris Financial Management Conference, the Financial Management Association Asia Meeting Conference, the Global Finance Conference, the World Accounting Frontiers Series conference, the Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics Conference, the Hawaii Accounting Research Conference, the MIT Asia Conference in Accounting, the 2019 American Accounting Association Annual Conference, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the American University of Beirut, the University of Tennessee, Deakin University, Swansea University, Monash University, Erasmus University, Nagasaki University, and Tilburg University.