The authors thank the Cohen Fellows at the University of Pittsburgh and Harrison MacDonald for excellent research assistance and the anonymous referees, Alistair Wilson, David Huffman, seminar participants at The University of Pittsburgh, Belief Based Utility Workshop (University of Amsterdam), and Economic Science Association North America 2021 Conference for helpful comments. The studies were preregistered on the American Economic Association’s registry for randomized controlled trials (#7409, #8250, #9785) and approved by the Carnegie Mellon University Institutional Review Board (#201500000482) and the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board (#20090122).