The authors thank Sachin Gupta, Brett Hollenbeck, Yufeng Huang, Jura Liaukonyte, Peter Rossi, Stephan Seiler, Brad Shapiro, Steven Tadelis, and Eric Yde for helpful comments and suggestions and Kevin Wang for excellent research assistance. Data on mass torts targeting anticoagulants were generously provided by X Ante. The conclusions drawn from the X Ante data are those of the researchers and do not reflect the views of X Ante. X Ante is not responsible for, had no role in, and was not involved in analyzing and preparing the results reported herein.