The authors thank Barry Adler, Kenneth Ayotte, Nicola Gennaioli, Clayton Gillette, Pamela Giustinelli, Charles Hadlock, Barry Hirsch, Zoran Ivkovich, Craig Lewis, Nicola Limodio, Jacopo Ponticelli, Roberta Romano, and Nicolas Serrano-Velarde, as well as seminar participants at the Financial Intermediation Research Society Meetings, National Bureau of Economic Research Summer Institute Meetings, Econometric Society World Congress 2020, DePaul, Korea, London Business School, Oklahoma, and Purdue, for helpful comments, and Joerg Picard, Hojong Shin, and Xue Wang for data assistance. All errors are our own.