The authors thank Stephen Brealey of the York Trials Unit, University of York, and members of the ProFHER (PROximal Fracture of the Humerus: Evaluation by Randomisation) team for helpful discussions and assistance in preparing the parameter values used in Section 4. They thank seminar attendees at the University of Sheffield, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, INSEAD, University College London, London Business School, and the University of Lausanne for feedback. They thank the referees for their constructive feedback.
