Frontiers: Digital Hermits

The authors thank Justin Johnson and Martin Peitz as well as participants at the 2022 Mannheim Centre for Competition and Innovation Summer Institute in Competition Policy, USTC-UIUC, the 2023 International Industrial Organization Conference, the 2023 Economics of Digital Markets Conference at Cornell University, the 2023 Marketing Science Conference, the 2023 ZEW Conference on the Economics of Information and Communication Technology, and the 2023 European Association for Research in Industrial Economics Conference for helpful comments. The authors also thank Zheng Gong for excellent research assistance. Any mistakes are the authors’ own. Two of the coauthors provide consulting services on artificial intelligence, privacy, and digital strategy, including expert legal testimony. See https://www.avigoldfarb.com/disclosure for Avi Goldfarb’s disclosures. See https://mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu/cetucker/disclosure/ for Catherine Tucker’s full disclosure.