Advertising Effects in Presidential Elections

References

• Ackerberg D. Empirically distinguishing informative and prestige effects of advertising. RAND J. Econom. (2001) 32(2):316–333Crossref, Google Scholar
• AdWeek Ad spending flat in '07, per TNS. (2008) March 25). http://www.adweek.com/news/television/ad-spending-flat-07-tns-95325Google Scholar
• AdWeek Political media spending hits all-time high. (2010) December 15). http://www.adweek.com/news/television/political-media-spending-hits-all-time-high-104027Google Scholar
• Anand BN, Shachar R. Advertising, the matchmaker. RAND J. Econom. (2011) 42(2):205–245Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ansolabehere SD, Iyengar S, Simon A. Replicating experiments using aggregate and survey data: The case of negative advertising and turnout. Amer. Political Sci. Rev. (1999) 93(4):901–909Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ansolabehere SD, Iyengar S, Simon A, Valentino N. Does attack advertising demobilize the electorate? Amer. Political Sci. Rev. (1994) 88(4):829–838Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ashworth S, Clinton JD. Does advertising exposure affect turn out? Quart. J. Political Sci. (2007) 2(1):27–41Crossref, Google Scholar
• Berry S. Estimating discrete-choice models of product differentiation. RAND J. Econom. (1994) 25(2):242–262Crossref, Google Scholar
• Berry S, Levinsohn J, Pakes A. Automobile prices in market equilibrium. Econometrica (1995) 63(4):841–890Crossref, Google Scholar
• Centre for Law and Democracy Regulation of paid political advertising: A survey. (2012) . Report, CLD, Halifax, NS, Canada. http://www.law-democracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Elections-and-Broadcasting-Final.pdfGoogle Scholar
• Che H, Iyer G, Shanmugam R. Negative advertising and voter choice. (2007) . Working paper, University of California, BerkeleyGoogle Scholar
• Cincinnati Enquirer Drowning in TV political ads? (2004) October 30). http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/10/30/loc_elexads.htmlGoogle Scholar
• Clark R, Doraszelski U, Draganska M. The effect of advertising on brand awareness and perceived quality: An empirical investigation using panel data. Quant. Marketing Econom. (2009) 7(2):207–236Crossref, Google Scholar
• Coate S, Conlin M, Moro A. The performance of pivotal-voter models in small-scale elections: Evidence from Texas Liquor Referenda. J. Public Econom. (2008) 92(3–4):582–596Crossref, Google Scholar
• Doganoglu T, Klapper D. Goodwill and dynamic advertising strategies. Quant. Marketing Econom. (2006) 4(1):5–29Crossref, Google Scholar
• Draganska M, Klapper D. Choice set heterogeneity and the role of advertising: An analysis with micro and macro data. J. Marketing Res. (2011) 48(4):653–669Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dubé J-P, Manchanda P. Differences in dynamic brand competition across markets: An empirical analysis. Marketing Sci. (2005) 24(1):81–95Link, Google Scholar
• Dubé J-P, Fox J, Su C-L. Improving the numerical performance of BLP static and dynamic discrete choice random coefficients demand estimation. Econometrica (2012) 80(5):2231–2267Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dubé J-P, Hitsch G, Manchanda P. An empirical model of advertising dynamics. Quant. Marketing Econom. (2005) 3:107–144Crossref, Google Scholar
• Eastlack JO, Rao AB. Modeling response to advertising and pricing changes for V-8 cocktail vegetable juice. Marketing Sci. (1989) 5(3):245–259Link, Google Scholar
• Economist, The Campaign finance: The hands that prod, the wallets that feed. (2012) February 25). http://www.economist.com/node/21548244Google Scholar
• Feddersen T, Pesendorfer K. The swing voter's curse. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1996) 86(3):408–424Google Scholar
• Freedman P, Goldstein K. Measuring media exposure and the effects of negative campaign ads. Amer. J. Political Sci. (1999) 43(4):1189–1208Crossref, Google Scholar
• Freedman P, Franz M, Goldstein K. Campaign advertising and democratic citizenship. Amer. J. Political Sci. (2004) 48(4):723–741Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gerber A. Estimating the effect of campaign spending on senate election outcomes using instrumental variables. Amer. Political Sci. Rev. (1998) 92(2):401–411Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gerber A. Does campaign spending work? Field experiments provide evidence and suggest new theory. Amer. Behav. Scientist (2004) 47(5):541–574Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gerber A, Gimpel JG, Green DP, Shaw DR. How large and long-lasting are the persuasive effects of televised campaign ads? Results from a randomized field experiment. Amer. Political Sci. Rev. (2011) 105(1):135–150Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goldstein K, Freedman P. Campaign advertising and voter turnout: New evidence for a stimulation effect. J. Politics (2002) 64(3):721–740Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goldstein K, Ridout TN. Measuring the effects of televised political advertising in the United States. Annual Rev. Political Sci. (2004) 7:205–226Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gomez BT, Hansford TG, Krause GA. The Republicans should pray for rain: Weather, turn out, and voting in U.S. presidential elections. J. Politics (2007) 69(3):649–663Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gordon BR, Hartmann WR. Advertising competition in presidential elections. (2012) . Working paper, Columbia University, New YorkGoogle Scholar
• Gordon BR, Lovett M, Shachar R, Arceneaux K, Moorthy S, Peress M, Rao A, Sen S, Soberman D, Urminsky O. Marketing and politics: Models, behavior, and policy implications. Marketing Lett. (2012) 23(2):391–403Crossref, Google Scholar
• Green DP, Krasno JS. Salvation for the spendthrift incumbent: Reestimating the effects of campaign spending in House elections. Amer. J. Political Sci. (1988) 32(4):884–907Crossref, Google Scholar
• Guardian P&G clinches €214m deal with Viacom. (2001) May 31). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2001/may/31/advertising.marketingandprGoogle Scholar
• Hansen C, Hausman J, Newey W. Estimation with many instrumental variables. J. Bus. Econom. Statist. (2008) 26(4):398–422Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hillygus DS. The dynamics of turn out intention in election 2000. J. Politics (2005) 67(1):50–68Crossref, Google Scholar
• Huber G, Arceneaux K. Identifying the persuasive effects of presidential advertising. Amer. J. Political Sci. (2007) 51(4):957–977Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jacobson GC. The effects of campaign spending in congressional elections. Amer. Political Sci. Rev. (1978) 72(2):469–491Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kadiyali V, Vilcassim N, Chintagunta P. Product line extensions and competitive market interactions: An empirical analysis. J. Econometrics (1999) 89:339–363Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kanetkar V, Weinberg CB, Weiss DL. Price sensitivity and television advertising exposures: Some empirical findings. Marketing Sci. (1992) 11(4):359–371Link, Google Scholar
• Krasno JS, Green DP. Do televised presidential ads increase voter turnout? Evidence from a natural experiment. J. Politics (2008) 70(1):245–261Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lau R, Sigelman L, Rovner IB. The effects of negative political campaigns: A meta-analytic reassessment. J. Politics (2007) 69(4):1176–1209Crossref, Google Scholar
• Levitt SD. Using repeat challengers to estimate the effect of campaign spending on election outcomes in the U.S. House. J. Political Econom. (1994) 102(4):777–798Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lewis RA, Reiley DH. Does retail advertising work? Measuring the effects of advertising on sales via a controlled experiment on Yahoo. (2011) . Working paper, Yahoo! Research, Berkeley, CAGoogle Scholar
• Lodish L, Abraham M, Kalmenson S, Livelsberger J, Lubetkin B, Richardson B, Stevens ME. How T.V. advertising works: A meta-analysis of 389 real world split cable T.V. advertising experiments. J. Marketing Res. (1995) 32(2):125–139Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lovett M, Peress M. Targeting political advertising on television. (2010) . Working paper, University of Rochester, Rochester, NYCrossref, Google Scholar
• Luan YJ, Sudhir K. Forecasting marketing-mix responsiveness for new products. J. Marketing Res. (2010) 47(3):444–457Crossref, Google Scholar
• Manchanda P, Rossi PE, Chintagunta PK. Response modeling with nonrandom marketing-mix variables. J. Marketing Res. (2004) 41(4):467–478Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mela CF, Gupta S, Lehmann DR. The long-term impact of promotion and advertising on consumer brand choice. J. Marketing Res. (1997) 34(2):248–261Crossref, Google Scholar
• Naik P, Mantrala MK, Sawyer AG. Planning media schedules in the presence of dynamic advertising quality. Marketing Sci. (1998) 17(3):214–235Link, Google Scholar
• Narayanan S, Manchanda P. Heterogeneous learning and the targeting of marketing communication for new products. Marketing Sci. (2009) 28(3):424–441Link, Google Scholar
• Nelson P. Advertising as information. J. Political Econom. (1974) 82(4):729–753Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nerlove M, Arrow KJ. Optimal advertising policy under dynamic conditions. Economica (1962) 29(114):129–142Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rekkas M. The impact of campaign spending on votes in multiparty elections. Rev. Econom. Statist. (2007) 89(3):573–585Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rutz OJ, Bucklin RE. From generic to branded: A model of spillover dynamics in paid search advertising. J. Marketing Res. (2011) 48(1):87–102Crossref, Google Scholar
• San Francisco Chronicle 2012 elections will drive TV ad prices up, media publisher says. (2012) March 5). http://finance.sfgate.com/hearst.sfgate/news/read?GUID=20777117Google Scholar
• Sethuraman R, Tellis GJ, Briesch R. How well does advertising work? Generalizations from a meta-analysis of brand advertising elasticity. J. Marketing Res. (2011) 48(3):457–471Crossref, Google Scholar
• Shachar R. The political participation puzzle and marketing. J. Marketing Res. (2009) 46(6):798–815Crossref, Google Scholar
• Soberman D, Sadoulet L. Campaign spending limits and political advertising. Management Sci. (2007) 53(10):1521–1532Link, Google Scholar
• Stock JH, Yogo M, Stock JH, Andrews DWK. Testing for weak instruments in linear IV regression. Identification and Inference for Econometric Models: Essays in Honor of Thomas J. Rothenberg (2005) (Cambridge University Press, New York) 109–120Crossref, Google Scholar
• Villas-Boas M, Winer R. Endogeneity in brand choice models. Management Sci. (1999) 45(10):1324–1338Link, Google Scholar
• Washington Times Sick of campaign ad avalanche? TV stations aren't. (2010) October 29). http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/oot/29/sick-of-campaign-ad-avalanche-tv-stations-arent/?page=allGoogle Scholar
• Wattenberg MP, Brians CL. Negative campaign advertising: Demobilizer or mobilizer. Amer. Political Sci. Rev. (1999) 93(4):891–899Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wooldridge JM. On two stage least squares estimation of the average treatment effect in a random coefficient model. Econom. Lett. (1997) 56(2):129–133Crossref, Google Scholar