Paywall Suspensions and Digital News Subscriptions

References

• Abadie A, Diamond A, Hainmueller J (2010) Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: Estimating the effect of California’s tobacco control program. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 105(490):493–505.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Altonji JG, Elder TE, Taber CR (2005) Selection on observed and unobserved variables: Assessing the effectiveness of Catholic schools. J. Polit. Econom. 113(1):151–184.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ananny M, Bighash L (2016) Why drop a paywall? Mapping industry accounts of online news decommodification. Internat. J. Commun. 10:3359–3380.Google Scholar
• Angrist JD, Krueger AB (1999) Empirical strategies in labor economics. Ashenfelter OC, Card D, eds. Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 3 (Elsevier, Amsterdam), 1277–1366.Google Scholar
• Arora S, Ter Hofstede F, Mahajan V (2017) The implications of offering free versions for the performance of paid mobile apps. J. Marketing 81(6):62–78.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bawa K, Shoemaker R (2004) The effects of free sample promotions on incremental brand sales. Marketing Sci. 23(3):345–363.Link, Google Scholar
• Bertrand M, Duflo E, Mullainathan S (2004) How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates? Quart. J. Econom. 119(1):249–275.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bound J, Jaeger DA, Baker RM (1995) Problems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and the endogenous explanatory variable is weak. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 90(430):443–450.Google Scholar
• Brodersen KH, Gallusser F, Koehler J, Remy N, Scott SL (2015) Inferring causal impact using Bayesian structural time-series models. Ann. Appl. Statist. 9(1):247–274.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brown TJ, Dacin PA (1997) The company and the product: Corporate associations and consumer product responses. J. Marketing. 61(1):68–84.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Caliendo M, Kopeinig S (2008) Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matching. J. Econom. Surveys 22(1):31–72.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cheng HK, Liu Y (2012) Optimal software free trial strategy: The impact of network externalities and consumer uncertainty. Inform. Systems Res. 23(2):488–504.Link, Google Scholar
• Chiou L, Tucker C (2013) Paywalls and the demand for news. Inform. Econom. Policy. 25(2):61–69.Crossref, Google Scholar
• De Haan E, Kannan PK, Verhoef PC, Wiesel T (2018) Device switching in online purchasing: Examining the strategic contingencies. J. Marketing 82(5):1–19.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dubé JP, Hitsch GJ, Rossi PE (2010) State dependence and alternative explanations for consumer inertia. RAND J. Econom. 41(3):417–445.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Edgerton GR (2009) The Columbia History of American Television (Columbia University Press, New York).Google Scholar
• Fjaestad B, Holmlöv PG (1976) The journalists’ view. J. Commun. 26(4):108–114.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Foubert B, Gijsbrechts E (2016) Try it, you’ll like it—or will you? The perils of early free-trial promotions for high-tech service adoption. Marketing Sci. 35(5):810–826.Link, Google Scholar
• Godes D, Ofek E, Sarvary M (2009) Content vs. advertising: The impact of competition on media firm strategy. Marketing Sci. 28(1):20–35.Link, Google Scholar
• Halbheer D, Stahl F, Koenigsberg O, Lehmann DR (2014) Choosing a digital content strategy: How much should be free? Internat. J. Res. Marketing 31(2):192–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Iyengar R, Ansari A, Gupta S (2007) A model of consumer learning for service quality and usage. J. Marketing Res. 44(4):529–544.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Janowitz M (1975) Professional models in journalism: The gatekeeper and the advocate. Journalism Quart. 52(4):618–626.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kannan PK, Reinartz W, Verhoef PC (2016) The path to purchase and attribution modeling: Introduction to special section. Internat. J. Res. Marketing 33(3):449–456.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kim H, Song R, Kim Y (2020) Newspapers’ content policy and the effect of paywalls on pageviews. J. Interactive Marketing 49:54–69.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kim TT, KC D (2020) The impact of hospital advertising on patient demand and health outcomes. Marketing Sci. 39(3):612–635.Link, Google Scholar
• Kucukelbir A, Ranganath R, Gelman A, Blei D (2015) Automatic variational inference in Stan. Adv. Neural Inform. Processing Systems, 28.Google Scholar
• Lambrecht A, Misra K (2017) Fee or free: When should firms charge for online content? Management Sci. 63(4):1150–1165.Link, Google Scholar
• Luo M (2020) The fate of news in the age of the coronavirus. New Yorker (March 29), https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-communications/the-fate-of-the-news-in-the-age-of-the-coronavirus.Google Scholar
• Maddala G (1983) Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mazumdar T, Raj SP, Sinha I (2005) Reference price research: Review and propositions. J. Marketing 69(4):84–102.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Meyer BD (1995) Natural and quasi-experiments in economics. J. Bus. Econom. Statist. 13(2):151–161.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Oster E (2019) Unobservable selection and coefficient stability: Theory and evidence. J. Bus. Econom. Statist. 37(2):187–204.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pattabhiramaiah A, Sriram S, Manchanda P (2019) Paywalls: Monetizing online content. J. Mark. 83(2):19–36.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pauwels K, Weiss A (2008) Moving from free to fee: How online firms market to change their business model successfully. J. Marketing 72(3):14–31.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum PR (2002) Overt bias in observational studies. Observational Studies, Springer Series in Statistics (Springer, New York), 71–104.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB (1983) The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70(1):41–55.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB (1985) Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score. Amer. Statist. 39(1):33–38.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sayedi A (2018) Real-time bidding in online display advertising. Marketing Sci. 37(4):553–568.Link, Google Scholar
• Staiger D, Stock JH (1997) Instrumental variables regression with weak instruments. Econometrica 65(3):557–586.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Statista (2019) Leading daily newspapers in the United States in September 2017 and January 2019, by circulation. Accessed July 19, 2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/184682/us-daily-newspapers-by-circulation/.Google Scholar
• The New York Times Company (2021) 2020 annual report & form 10-K. Accessed July 19, 2021, https://nytco-assets.nytimes.com/2021/03/Final-NYT-2020-Annual-Report.pdf.Google Scholar
• Todri V (2022) Frontiers: The impact of ad-blockers on online consumer behavior. Marketing Sci. 41(1):7–18.Link, Google Scholar
• World Association of Newspapers (2021) World Press Trends 2020–2021 (WAN-IFRA, Frankfurt).Google Scholar