The authors are grateful to Equifax, Inc., for the access of data and support of our research. This paper represents the views of the authors only, and not Equifax, Inc. The authors thank Pranav Jindal, Brad Larsen, Yesim Orhun, Chunhua Wu, and Bicheng Yang for their constructive comments. The authors have also benefited from the comments of the participants at the Marketing Science Conference 2021, Quantitative Marketing and Economics Conference 2021, the marketing department seminar at Temple University, Virtual Quantitative Marketing Seminar 2021, and the Four School Conference 2022. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.