Bad Apples on Rotten Tomatoes: Critics, Crowds, and Gender Bias in Product Ratings

The author thanks Diana Andrade, Andreas Bayerl, Grazia Cecere, Pierre-François Darlas, Daniel García, Reinhold Kesler, Michelangelo Rossi, Carmit Segal, and Joel Waldfogel for their feedback as well as participants in the economics seminar at the University of East Anglia, the Center for Competition Policy seminar at the University of East Anglia, the University of Vienna, the University of Zurich, the Joint Digital Economics Seminar, Wake Forest University, the 20th ZEW Conference on the Economics of Information and Communication Technologies, and the XXXVI Jornadas de Economía Industrial in Palma de Gran Canaria. The author has no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The author has no funding to report.